海难

Apportionment of remuneration for salvage is a pivotal aspect in the system of salvage at sea.

救助报酬的分配是海难救助制度中一个至关重要的方面。

In December, a bulk freighter loaded with wheat limped into Dutch Harbor with engine problems similar to those that led to the Selendang Ayu disaster.

实施海上救助的承包人得益于海上难得一见的好天气，才将这艘倾斜的船只拖拽到阿拉斯加岛的荷兰港的港口。12月，一只载满小麦的散料转运船蹒跚进入荷兰港，究其原因是发动机出现了问题，这跟导致Selendang Ayu海难的原因很相似。

This article deals with the development of the marine insurance laws and the theoretical and practical problems associated with marine insuran ce, such as the risks (perils of the sea, jettison and barratry), additional risks (theft, pilferage and non-delivery, T. P. N. D., rain fresh water damager, risk of shortage, risk of odour), special additional risks (war risk, strikes, riots and civil commotions risks, S. R. C. C.) and excluded perils, as well as losses and charges insured, i. e. total los...

本文主要论述海上保险法的发展及其有关的理论和实际问题，如承保的风险(海难、投弃和船长与船员的不法行为)、附加险(偷盗、提货不着、淡水雨淋、缺量、串味)、特别附加险(战争险、罢工、骚乱和民变险)和除外风险，及承保的损失与费用，即全部损失和部分损失，以及委付与代位权等，使读者对保险法可以得到概括的理解，有助于他们更好地从事国际商事活动和法律活动。

This article deals with the development of the marine insurance laws and the theoretical and practical problems associated with marine insuran ce, such as the risks (perils of the sea, jettison and barratry), additional risks (theft, pilferage and non-delivery, T. P. N. D., rain fresh water damager, risk of shortage, risk of odour), special additional risks (war risk, strikes, riots and civil commotions risks, S. R. C. C.) and excluded perils, as well as losses and charges insured, i. e. total loss act...

本文主要论述海上保险法的发展及其有关的理论和实际问题，如承保的风险(海难、投弃和船长与船员的不法行为)、附加险(偷盗、提货不着、淡水雨淋、缺量、串味)、特别附加险(战争险、罢工、骚乱和民变险)和除外风险，及承保的损失与费用，即全部损失和部分损失，以及委付与代位权等，使读者对保险法可以得到概括的理解，有助于他们更好地从事国际商事活动和法律活动。

"A."受海上危险影响的船舶,货物,或其他动产","海上危险"则被定义为:"the perils consequent upon or incidental to, the navigation of the sea ,that is to say, perils of the seas, fire, war perils, pirates, rovers, thieves, captures, seizures, restraints and detainments of princes and peoples, jettisons, barratry and any other perils, either of the like kind or which may be designated by the policy.

"（ "因海上航行而发生的或与之有关的各项危险。也即，海难，火灾，战争危险，海盗，劫掠者，盗贼，及君主和人民的捕获，扣押，拘禁，管制，抛弃，船长、船员恶意损害被保险人的欺诈恶行及任何诸如此类的或保险单清楚地标明的其他危险。

The sailor who had lost everything by shipwreck said that he was thrown on his beam-ends.

这位在海难中失去一切的水手说，他已经穷途末路了。

The shipwreck/castaway event in the desert island narrative is the initial scene of modern significance.

荒岛叙事中的海难事件，是第一个真正具有现代性意义的初始场景—褶子。

C.G, the present main unit of departments of the national search and rescue, is just one of the national SAR units of search and rescue organization. As my experiences of conducting SAR on sea, the duty, the integration , command, coordinate, communicate and cooperation of SAR resources show the efficiency of national SAR system still need to be upgraded.

目前我国的海难搜救能量虽以海巡署的能量为主力，但依目前整体海难救助体系架构观之，其却仅为国家搜救体系下的「搜救单位」之一，以笔者多次执行海上搜救任务观之，我现行海难救护职掌与任务通报流程统合、指挥、协调、联系与救护资源整合共享等，在在显示我国海难救助系统效能仍有大幅成长空间。

After having them differentiated and defined separately,this article holds the opinion that seaworthiness is the foundation and premise of maritime distress.

海难是承运人对货损主张免责最常引用的抗辩，共有3种形式，本文分别予以区分和界定，并对其构成的基础加以分析，认为船舶适航是构成海难的前提。

In the perils of the sea, may need to call for other party to salvage the ship in the perils, on some occasions the other party may salvage the ship initiatively. There may be disputes that concern the payment of Salvage Charges after the rescue action. If the ship in the peril has cargo on it, there may be some disputes on the General Average and others issues related. Furthermore, in the accident, the captain or the crew may salvage the ship by themselves, in this condition the Sue and Labour will occur.

在海难事故中，可能需要请求他方对遇难船舶进行救助或者他方主动对遇难船舶进行救助，这就会产生救助报酬的支付问题；如果发生海难事故当时船上还载运了货物，还会涉及到共同海损的相关问题；此外，在遭遇海难事故时，船东或者船上船员还可以采取自救措施对船舶进行救援，这就会涉及到对船舶的施救的问题。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。