海藻

LIN Hailin,CUI Yingde,DU Lin,CHEN JianpingInstitute of Applied Chemistry,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and TechnologySuper water absorbent resins P,SA/NaAA,SA/NaAA/PVA and SA/NaAA/AM were synthesized from sodium alginate,acrylic acid,polyvinyl alcoholand acrylamide,with N,N–methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking agent,(NH4)2S2O8 - NaHSO3 as initiator,by means of aqueous solution polymerization.

以醚化海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸为单体，N， N–亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂，采用水溶液法制备聚丙烯酸钠p吸水树脂和海藻酸钠/丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠/丙烯酸钠/聚乙烯醇（SA/NaAA/PVA）及海藻酸钠/丙烯酸钠/丙烯酰胺吸水性复合树脂。

Classification and principle of rigid waterproofer;2. The circinal cavities were found in calcium alginate beads and the cylinder holes were observed in zinc alginate beads from the SEM,which indicated that the volume of fraction of zinc alginate polymer was relatively bigger and the zinc alginate polymer chain was more rigid than that of calcium alginate .

凝胶的SEM照片可见，海藻酸钙的冷冻干燥颗粒内为较大的圆孔，海藻酸锌凝胶内为较小的长孔，表明海藻酸锌高分子链在凝胶颗粒中的体积分率相对较大同时刚性较强；卵清蛋白从海藻酸凝胶颗粒中释放的试验结果表明，由于上述海藻酸锌凝胶的特性，导致海藻酸锌对卵清蛋白扩散阻滞作用相对较强；根据试验数据计算得卵清蛋白在海藻酸钙、海藻酸锌凝胶颗粒中的扩散系数分别为1。

The loading process of trehalose has no effect on apoptosis of platelets. The efficacy of trehalose plus phosphate in suppressing apoptosis of platelets during cryopreservation is superior to that of only trehalose. Compared to 6% DMSO and 2% DMSO plus TS, trehalose plus phosphate can retain the same platelet count, superior hypotonic shock response and platelet aggregatory reaction to ADP, and lower apoptosis rate of platelets. Platelets cryopreserved with trehalose plus phosphate can retain intact ultrastructure.

结论血小板负载海藻糖的过程不会促进血小板的凋亡；海藻糖保存血小板时，联合应用磷酸盐在抑制血小板凋亡方面的效果优于单独应用海藻糖；海藻糖联合磷酸盐冻存血小板的长期效果较稳定，其维持血小板回收率的效果与6%DMSO及2% DMSO联合TS相同，维持血小板低渗休克反应、聚集功能及抑制血小板凋亡的效果优于6%DMSO及2%DMSO联合TS，并能较好地维持血小板的超微结构。

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of benzyl alcohol on trehaloseloading red blood cells. The RBCs were incubated in 10, 30, 50 and 100 mmol/L concentrations of benzyl alcoholtrehaloe solution at 4℃ for 24 hours. The hemolysis rate of loaded RBCs was detected by using cyanohemoglobin kit, the intracellular trehalose level were assayed by sulfate anthrone method.

为研究苯甲醇对海藻糖负载红细胞的影响，在4℃条件下将红细胞孵育在浓度分别为10、30、50、100 mmol/L的苯甲醇海藻糖溶液中24小时，用氰化血红蛋白试剂盒测定海藻糖负载红细胞的溶血率，用硫酸蒽酮法检测红细胞内海藻糖浓度水平。

The circinal cavities were found in calcium alginate beads and the cylinder holes were observed in zinc alginate beads from the SEM,which indicated that the volume of fraction of zinc alginate polymer was relatively bigger and the zinc alginate polymer chain was more rigid than that of calcium alginate .

凝胶的SEM照片可见，海藻酸钙的冷冻干燥颗粒内为较大的圆孔，海藻酸锌凝胶内为较小的长孔，表明海藻酸锌高分子链在凝胶颗粒中的体积分率相对较大同时刚性较强；卵清蛋白从海藻酸凝胶颗粒中释放的试验结果表明，由于上述海藻酸锌凝胶的特性，导致海藻酸锌对卵清蛋白扩散阻滞作用相对较强；根据试验数据计算得卵清蛋白在海藻酸钙、海藻酸锌凝胶颗粒中的扩散系数分别为1.19×10-7、0.07×10-7cm2/s，利用阻滞模型计算得海藻酸锌高分子链在凝胶颗粒中体积分率约为海藻酸钙高分子链在凝胶颗粒中体积分率的1.7倍。

By the partial purification of Arthrobacter nicotinovorus D-97 endocellular enzymes and the results of enzymatic reaction of enzymes of partition collection, it was found that enzymes related to trehalose synthesis were consisted of Trehalose-forming Enzyme and Trehalose-releasing Enzyme . Trehalose-forming Enzyme could convert maltooligosaccharides into non-reducing maltooligosyl trehalose by intramolecular transglycosylation, and Trehalose-releasing Enzyme could hydrolyze α-1, 4 linkage between the trehalose residue and the maltooligosaccharide residue to release trehalose and maltooligosaccharides with two glucose monomer lesser.

将食尼古丁节杆菌D-97胞内酶部分纯化并对各收集组分进行酶反应，发现其海藻糖合成酶系由海藻糖生成酶(Trehalose-forming Enzyme，TFE)和海藻糖释放酶(Trehalose-releasingEnzyme，TRE)组成，前者分子内转糖基将直链麦芽寡糖转化为没有还原性的麦芽寡糖基海藻糖，后者专一切割麦芽寡糖基海藻糖分子上麦芽寡糖基与海藻糖连接的α-1，4糖苷键，从而释放出海藻糖和减少了两个葡萄糖单体的麦芽寡糖。

Sugar and protein content in the haemolymph after fed with transgenic rice Total sugar content in the haemolymph of SSB fed with KMD1 was significantly lower than that of the control, while trehalase activity was significantly higher than that of the control, but there were no significant differences on trehalose concentration and glucose concentration between the treatment and the control. However, there were no significant differences on all the four components mentioned above between SSB fed on MSB and the control.

四、取食转基因抗虫水稻后二化螟幼虫血淋巴糖代谢和蛋白质浓度的变化五龄二化螟幼虫取食KMD1后血淋巴总糖含量显著低于取食秀水11对照的，海藻糖酶活性显著高于对照，而海藻糖含量和葡萄糖含量与对照组相比都无显著差异；取食MSB后二化螟血淋巴总糖含量、海藻糖含量、葡萄糖含量以及海藻糖酶活性与取食明恢86的对照相比，均差异不显著。

Analysis of these mutants revealed that the expression level of the neutral trehalase gene in RNAi mutant (Ma688 strain) was reduced to 42% of which found in wild-type strain and the over-expression mutant (Ma113 strain) showed approximatlely 2-fold higher levels of neutral trehalase mRNA than that found in wild-type control. Then the transformants Ma688 and Ma113 were chosen for closer examination, including trehalose content, storage longevity , thermotol

利用Northern blot 分析这几个突变菌株中性海藻糖酶基因mRNA 的含量，选择中性海藻糖酶基因超表达2 倍和中性海藻糖酶基因被抑制到42%的两个转化菌：Ma113 和Ma688，将其与出发菌株进行分生孢子内海藻糖含量的测定，孢子储藏

The results showed that the conidia of the RNAi transformant accumulated more trehalose, lost viability more slowly during prolonged storage and showed reduced heat shock sensitivity than the wild type, and the overexpression transformant has reverse results. These results indicate that neutral trehalase in M.anisopliae control trehalose concentration via degradation of trehalose, and indirectly influnce the viability of conidia during prolonged storage and the resistance to heat stress.

以上研究结果表明，金龟子绿僵菌CQMa102孢子体内海藻糖是由中性海藻糖酶降解的，海藻糖含量与耐储性和耐热性具有正相关性，中性海藻糖酶在虫生真菌金龟子绿僵菌孢子中的生理功能是通过降解分子内海藻糖调控海藻糖含量，从而影响其对不良环境的抗性，如储藏性、耐热性。

The main products are: iodine, alginates, mannitol, sorbitol, alginic acid, seaseed fertilizer, marine feedstuff and propylene glycol alginate.

主要产品有碘、海藻酸盐、甘露醇、山梨醇、海藻酸、海藻肥、海藻饲料、藻酸丙二醇酯。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了