海绵动物

Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除：以猪为实验动物，旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验，建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除，比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量，总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除：选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者，病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生，建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织，暴露管道结构，再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面，统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等，评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

But it turns out there is a very good reason why we are crocheting it because many organisms in coral reefs have a very particular kind of structure. The frilly crinolated forms that you see in corals, and kelps, and sponges, and nudibranchs, is a form of geometry known as hyperbolic geometry.

但我们有一个很好的理由来用钩针编织：因为很多在珊瑚礁中的生物有机体，如裸鳃类动物、珊瑚礁、海藻及海绵中，有非常特别的一种结构，就是你所看到的裙衬褶边形式。

More than 90% of Permian genera of sponges, corals and brachiopods vanished in the extinction.

二叠纪海绵、珊瑚和腕足动物三个属多于90%的物种在大灭绝事件中消失了。

Any of various invertebrate animals resembling a plant such as a sea anemone or coral or sponge.

各种象植物的无脊椎动物，比如海葵、珊瑚或海绵。

Sponge is one of the most primitive multicellular animals in the world, which distributes widely on earth, from tidal zone to deep sea-bed, even can be seen in fresh water.

海绵是世界上最原始的低等多细胞动物之一，广泛分布于地球上的各种水体，由潮间带到深海海底，甚至淡水中都可见到。

The first crucial step was the appearance of " true " body tissue - previously animals had only simple , saclike bodies , such as the porous sponges .

第一个重要事件就是动物进化出了真正意义上的身体组织，在此之前，动物的&身体&只是简单的囊状物，就像大海中常见的海绵。

China Agricultural University National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing 100094, China

中国农业大学国家动物海绵状脑病实验室，动物医学院，北京100094

Kuru and vCJD belong to the same family of neurodegenerative conditions known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, affecting both humans and animals. Prion diseases are characterized by accumulation in the brain of an abnormal isoform of glycoprotein called prion protein, Dr. Collinge and colleagues write. It's thought that this protein is the agent of transmission in these diseases.

Kuru 和vCJD属於同一种神经退化性状况，已知为具传播性之海绵状脑病，对人类和动物均有影响；传染性蛋白质疾病特徵是在脑中累积异常glycoprotein同质体，Collinge医师和同事指出，该蛋白质被认为是这些疾病的传播物质。

These shell-less snails eat sponges, hydroids, and ascidians that are poisonous to other creatures, incorporating the toxins.

这些无壳的动作缓慢的动物海绵状物，而海鞘类对于其它动物则是有毒的混合毒素。

Integrins are of vital importance to all metazoans, from humans to sponges.

从人类到海绵，粘合素对所有多细胞动物来说都至关重要。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。