海洋度

The conclusion of this article contains:(1) The climatology symmetric index and antisymmetric index which represent the uniform system of ocean and atmosphere is defined according to the unique kinetic character of the large-scale fluid. The symmetric mode, a state mode, and antisymmetric mode, a propagate westward mode, of ocean and atmosphere are distinguished clearly from each other. Also, the primary part which determines the symmetric mode emerges from non-divergenct wind and the dominant part which contributes to the antisymmetric mode mostly is irrotational wind. The article also compares the disparity of the climatology distribution of SST and sea surface wind field between 1948-1975 and 1976-2005. The SST of both the tropical Indian Ocean and the tropical Pacific after 80's is warm than before 80's .

主要结论如下：(1)热带太平洋气候平均态所包含的海-气相互作用的资料分析根据海洋和大气的运动特性，定义了表征海洋大气系统的对称模态和反对称模态指数，通过两个指数对热带太平洋和印度洋关于赤道对称和反对称的两个模态进行区分，发现关于赤道反对称的海-气耦合模态主要包含了大气散度分量和海洋SST的相互作用；关于赤道对称的海-气耦合模态主要包含了大气旋度分量和海洋SST的相互作用，并从资料估算了该耦合模态向西传播的速度。

A total of 20 groups of meiofauna in the Southern Yellow Sea: Nematoda, Copepoda, Polychaeta, Kinorhyncha, Bivalvia, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Tanaidacea, Isopoda, Cumacea, Gastropoda, Gastrotricha, Halacaroidea, nectochaeta, Amphiura, Nemertina, Insecta, Priapulida, Turbellaria and others were identified.

共鉴定出自由生活线虫、底栖桡足类、多毛类、动吻类、双壳类、介形类、端足类、异足类、等足类、涟虫类、腹足类、腹毛类、海螨类、疣足幼体、蛇尾类、纽虫类、昆虫类、曳鳃动物、涡虫类和其它类等20个小型底栖动物类群，小型底栖动物的平均丰度为(1186.12±486.07)ind.10cm~(-2)，其中海洋线虫占绝对优势，其平均丰度为(1063.97±469.98)ind.10cm~(-2)，占小型动物总丰度的89.702%；其次是底栖桡足类，占4.193%。

In the CO_2 source area, phytoplankton abundance was low and zooplankton mainly belonged to true estuary and estuary marine communities; while in the CO_2 sink area, phytoplankton was high and zooplankton mainly belonged to euryhaline marine communities.

在枯水季节，长江口海域由低盐区大气二氧化碳的强源逐渐过渡到高盐区的弱汇，咸淡水的混合在一定程度上决定了该区域碳源汇的格局；二氧化碳源区，浮游植物的丰度低，浮游动物主要是纯河口类群和河口性海洋类群，而汇区，浮游植物的丰度高，浮游动物主要是广盐性海洋类群。

To assess the invasion risk of alien marine species, an invasive risk assessment system was constructed based on the characters of introduced marine species and on the analysis of literatures and expert consultancy. The system has 5 primary and 20 secondary indexes, and was constructed using analytic hierarchy process method and trigonometrical fuzzy numbers for determining the weight of each index of the system.

中文摘要：为了评估外来海洋物种入侵的风险，根据外来海洋物种入侵特点，在文献分析和专家咨询的基础上，采用层次分析和三角模糊数数值标度计算权重的方法，设计5个一级指标和20个二级指标，构建了外来海洋物种入侵风险评估体系。

According to fossil record, the earth has experienced a number of mass extinction events. At least three of the events mark severe loss of calcifying organisms due to ocean acidification.

从化石记录知道地球曾发生数度的物种灭绝，其中至少有三次海洋钙化生物承受最大损失，原因是海水缺氧或海洋酸化。

The platforms are under the action of complex ocean environment including wind, wave, current and ice, which lead to structural static and dynamic responses intricate. A significant matter is to develop effective methods for structural response analysis, sensitivity analysis of responses with respect to shape and size design variables, and modeling and solving the problems of design optimization.

海洋平台受到风、浪、流、海冰等复杂海洋环境的作用，其结构静、动态响应非常复杂，研究海洋平台的结构响应分析方法、结构响应对结构形式以及尺寸等设计参数的敏度分析技术、优化设计问题的模型与求解方法，具有重要的理论意义。

The results showed that the free-living marine nematodes were the dominant group the percentage of which in the total number of meiofauna ranging betwean 76.1%~96.3%. The abundance of meiofauna in old mangrove district was the least and in bare beach where waste water flows was the most. There were a total of 37 putative species in the samples. The total number of recorded species was the lowest in the new mangrove district, and highest in the old mangrove district. The species diversity indexes, species evenness indexes and richness indexes in old mangrove district were all higher than those in new mangrove district. The dominant species and feeding types were different in three types of habitats.

结果表明：海洋线虫是凤林红树林中小型底栖动物中的绝对优势类群，占到小型底栖动物的76.1%~96.3%；从丰度来看，旧区白骨壤林中小型底栖动物的数量较少，有污水流过的光滩数量较大；4个断面共鉴定出海洋线虫37种，其中新区秋茄林中的生物多样性指数较低，旧区白骨壤林中群落具有较高的物种多样性；从出现的物种来看，新区秋茄林、旧区白骨壤林和光滩上出现的优势种和摄食功能群的类型各不相同。

The main contents and results of research in this paper are shown as following: It is important to built the motion model of a virtual system. As the virtual object is the submarine in this simulation system, we studied on the motion model of the submarine and gave the submarine six DOF space motion equation MultiGen-Paradigm corporation's modeling software named Creator is used, the modeling of all entities and 3D terrain in virtual ocean environment is accomplished. Then introduced the theory of Large Area Database Management and realized the Large area database management; In the course of 3D scene simulation, Vega is utilized to develop the project. The building of 3D scene is done, which includes the simulation of static and dynamic ocean surface, realization of ocean wave, simulation of bow wave and stern wake, utilization of lighting and material, simulation of cloud and fog, kinematics' modeling of submarine etc.

论文的主要研究工作和成果包括以下一些内容：建立虚拟对象的运动模型是构造一个虚拟系统的关键所在，建立的运动模型准确与否直接关系仿真对象模拟的逼真度，由于本仿真系统的虚拟对象是潜艇，所以对潜艇的运动模型进行了研究，给出潜艇空间六自由度运动方程；利用MultiGen-Paradigm公司的Creator建模软件完成虚拟海洋环境中个实体模型建模和三维海底地形模型的建模；然后介绍了大地形数据库管理(LADBM，Large Area Database Management)技术的基本原理，实现大地形数据库管理；在三维场景仿真中，使用Vega驱动软件进行软件开发，完成了三维场景空间的建立，主要包括动态和静态海洋的仿真、海浪、船首波浪和传尾尾迹的实现，灯光和材质的使用，云和雾的模拟等。

Now, we proudly present our latest member of Oceanis Australia Group – Siam Ocean World. Welcome to the extraordinary world of countless fascinations with more than 10,000 square meters, fascinate yourself with over 400 species of rare sea animals with 360 degree fish bowl, be captivated by the beauty of yjr 8-meter high deep reef coral tank. Every single step through the seven zones will immerse you into an amazing journey.

现在我们很荣幸介绍澳洲 Oceanis 集团最新的成员– Siam 海洋世界，欢迎来到有无穷魅力的非凡世界，占地超过一万平方公尺，在 360 度的鱼缸中有超过四百种以上的罕见海洋动物，为八公尺高的珊瑚礁槽而著迷，在七个区域中的每一步，都将让你沈浸於神奇的旅程。

U.S. Global ocean ecosystems dynamics is a component of the U.S. Global Change Research Program organized by oceanographers and fisheries scientists to address the question of how global climate change may affect the abundance and production of animals in the sea.

&美国全球海洋生态系统动力学研究计划&由海洋学者、渔业专家组成，是&美国全球变化研究计划&的一部分，主要研究全球气候变化对海洋生物的丰度和生产量的影响。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。