海损

Sacrifice in and Contribution to General Average and Salvage Charges.

共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。

This insurance covers general average and salvage charges, adjusted or determined according to the contract of carriage and/or the governing law and practice, incurred to avoid or in connection with the avoidance of loss from any cause except those excluded in Clauses 4, 5, 6 and 7 below.

本保险承保根据货运合同及/或管辖的法律和惯例理算或确定的，为避免或与避免任何原因造成的有关引起共同海损和救助费用的损失，但第4，5，6和7条或本保险其他条文的除外条款除外。

This thesis focuses on the conceptions and the relation between the Salvage Charges, the Sue and Labour and the General Average, and other issues related in theory and practice. The aim of the this thesis is to definitude the scope that the above three issues apply to in the practice, and try to provide some relevant advices to perfect the marine insurance justice practice in China through contrast with the relevant practice of the common law of England.

本文将结合英国海上保险的理论和实践对救助、共同海损和施救费用这三者的各自的概念、它们的相关问题以及它们之间的关系进行研究，以明确这三者在实践中的适用范围，并通过对比英国的相关作法，为我国海上保险司法实践的完善提出相应的意见。

This Clause 12, which does not apply to general average or salvage charges, shall be subject to the exclusions contained in Clauses 4,5,6 and 7 above, and shall not include charges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assured or their servants.

对共同海损和救助费用的本条规定，须受上述第4，5，6 和7条所包含的除外责任的制约，且不包括因被保险人或其雇员的过错、疏忽、无偿付能力或财务困境而引起的费用。

This Clause 12, which does not apply to general average or salvage charges, shall be subject to the exclusions contained in Clause 4,5,6 and 7 above, and shall not include charges arising from the fault negligence insolvency or financial default of the Assured or their servants.

对共同海损和救助费用不适用的本条规定，须受上述第4、5、6和7条所包含的除外责任的制约，且不包括因被保险人或其雇员的过错、疏忽、无偿付能力或财务困境而引起的费用。

Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the assured for the safety or preservation of the subject matter insured, other than general average and salvage charges, are called particular charges.

除共同海损和救助费用外，由被保险人或代表被保险人，为保险标的的安全或保存保险标的所产生的费用，叫特别费用。

Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the assured for the safety or preservation of the subject-matter insured, other than general average and salvage charges, are called particular charges

除共同海损和救助费用外，由被保险人或代表被保险人，为保险标的的安全或保存保险标的所产生的费用，叫做特别费用。

1 This insurance covers the proportion of general average salvage and/or salvage charges attaching to freight at risk of the Assured, reduced in respect of any under-insurance.

11.1 本保险承保保险船舶按比例分摊的救助、救助费用及/或共同海损，并对任何不足额保险作相应扣减

Such as stranding and sinking of the carrying vessel, or is attributable to fire, explosion or collision.

如货船搁浅与沉没，或归因于着火、爆炸、或碰撞所引起的破碎才算是属于单独海损。

1Where the policy contains a suing and labouring clause, t he engagement thereby entered into is deemed to be supplementary to the contrac t of insurance, and the assured may recover from the insurer any expenses properly in curred pursuant to the clause, notwithstanding that the insurer may have paid for a tota l loss, or that the subject matter may have been warranted free from particular avera ge, either wholly or under a certain percentage.

若保险合同中含有施救条款，则该项约定应视为对保险合同的补充。被保险人得因履行该条款所产生的一切合理费用，向保险人请求赔偿，即使保险人已经赔付全损，或者该保险标的已经订明单独海损之全部或一定的百分比以下不赔，亦不影响该项费用之赔偿。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。