海损

3When there is a general average loss, the party on whom it falls is entitled, subject to the conditions imposed by maritime law, to a ratable contribution from the other parties interested, and such contribution is calle d a general average contribution.

3若发生共同海损损失，根据海商法规定的条件，遭受损失的一方有权从其他利益方得到比例分摊，这种分摊称为共同海损分摊。

Where there is a general average loss, the party on whom it falls is entitled, subject to the conditions imposed by Maritime Law, to a rateable contribution from the other parties interested and such contribution is called a general average contribution.

""在存在共同海损损失之场合，遭受损失的一方，有权根据海商法强行规定的条件，从其他受益各方获得比例分摊，此种分摊称为共同海损分摊。

Shall jointly and severally contribute with the Carrier in general average to the payment of any sacrifices, losses or expenses of a general average nature that may be made or incurred and shall pay salvage and special charges incurred in respect of the Goods.

货物和货方应与运送人连带一起承担共同海损，支付因此而导致的所有属於共同海损的亏损、损失和费用，并应共同支付抢救货物的花费和特殊费用。

Expenses incurred by or on behalf of the assured for the safety or preservation of the subject-matter insured, other than general average and salvage charges, are called particular charges, Particular charges are not included in particular average.

2除共同海损和救助费用外，由被保险人或代表被保险人，为保险标的的安全或保存保险标的所产生的费用，叫做特别费用。特别费用不包括在单独海损内。

If the owners shall have exercised due diligence to make the vessel in all respects seaworthy and properly manned, equipped and supplied, it is hereby agreed that in case of danger, damage or disaster resulting from faults or errors in navigation, or in the management of the vessel, or from any latent or other defects in the vessel, her machinery or appurtenance, or from unseaworthiness, whether existing at the time of shipment or at the beginning of the voyage (provided the latent or other defects or the unseaworthiness was not discoverable by the exercise of due diligence), the shipper, consignees and/or owners of the cargo shall nevertheless pay salvage and any special charges incurred in respect of the cargo, and shall contribute with the ship owner m general average to the payment of any sacrifices, losses or expenses of a general average nature that may be made or incurred for the common benefit or to relieve the adventure from any common peril.

如果船东已经在各方面已经克尽职责，使船舶适航，且船只操纵得当，供应充足，双方同意如因引水或管船过失或错误，或因船舶、其机械或设备潜在的或其他缺陷，或因不适航而导致危险、损害或灾难，不论是在装船时或是在开航时(只要是克尽职责而仍然无法发现潜在的或其他缺陷或不适航)，发货人、收货人和／或货主仍然应当支付因货物而发生的救助报酬和任何特别费用，且应与共同海损的船主分摊在共同海损中可能因共同利益或为减轻共同危险而作出的任何牺牲或产生的损失的费用或开支。

If the owners shall have exercised due diligence to make the vessel in all respects seaworthy and properly manned, equipped and supplied, it is hereby agreed that in case of danger, damage or disaster resulting from faults or errors in navigation, or in the management of the vessel, or from any latent or other defects in the vessel, her machinery or appurtenance, or from unseaworthiness, whether existing at the time of shipment or at the beginning of the voyage (provided the latent or other defects or the unseaworthiness was not discoverable by the exercise of due diligence), the shipper, consignees and/or owners of the cargo shall nevertheless pay salvage and any special charges incurred in respect of the cargo, and shall contribute with the ship owner in general average to the payment of any sacrifices, losses or expenses of a general average nature that may be made or incurred for the common benefit or to relieve the adventure from any common peril.

如果船东已经克尽职责使船舶适航，且船舶操纵得当，供应充足，双方同意如因航行或管船过失或错误，或因船舶，其机械或设备潜在的或其他缺陷，或因不适航而导致危险、损害或灾难，不论是在装船时或是在开航时(只要是克尽职责而仍然无法发现潜在的或其他缺陷或不适航)，发货人、收货人和／或货主仍然应当支付因货物而发生的救助报酬和任何特别费用，且应与共同海损的船东分摊在共同海损中可能因共同利益或为减轻共同危险而作出的任何牺牲或产生的损失的费用或开支。

Where the subject matter insured is warranted free from particular average, the assured cannot recover for a loss of part, other than a loss incurred by a general average sacrifice, unless the contract be apportionable, the assured may recover for a total loss of any apportionable part.

(1) 如果保险标的按不保单独海损投保，除非保险单所包含的合同是可分割的，否则被保险人遭受的部分损失，将不能得到赔偿，如果属共同海损牺牲的损失。但如是可分割的，则被保险人可以对任何保险标的可分割部分的全损得到赔偿。

Where the subject-matter insured is warranted free from particular average, the assured cannot recover for a loss of part, other than a loss incurred by a general average sacrifice, unless the contract contained in the policy be apportionable; but, if the contract be apportionable, the assured may recover for a total loss of any apportionable part.

这段话的意思是：如果保险标的按不赔单独海损条款投保，除非保险合同是可分割的，被保险人所遭受的部分损失不能获得赔偿，但属于共同海损牺牲的损失可获赔偿；若保险合同是可分割的，被保险人就任何可分割部分的全损可获赔偿。

Particular average, the assured cannot recover for a loss of part, otherthan a loss incurred by a general average sacrifice, unless the contractcontained in the policy be apportionable; but, if the contract beapportionable, the assured may recover for a total loss of any apportionablepart.

76（1）如果保险标的按不赔单独海损条款投保，除非保险合同是可分割的，被保险人所遭受的部分损失不能获得赔偿，但属共同海损牺牲的损失可获赔偿；若保险合同是可分割的，被保险人就任何可分割部分的全损可获赔偿。

Commencing from the basis of carrier's liability established in Hague Rules, this paper analyzes the relation between the ship interests'fault and general average contribution in conjunction with an introduction of the respective judicial practices and doctrines in United Kingdom, United States and China in this respect together with the understanding as to Rule D of York-Antwerp Rules 1974, and therefore concludes as follows:(1) No contribution may be collected from cargo where the general average was occasioned by the ship interests'fault, whether exemptible or actionable.

本文从《海牙规则》所确立的船东责任制度出发，结合英美两国及我国的司法实践和观念以及对《1974年约克-安特卫普规则》的规则D的理解，针对船方的过失与共同海损分摊之间的关系进行了探讨，并得出如下结论： 1、无论船方的过失是否可以根据法律或合同予以免责，只要该过失使得共同海损行为成为必要，船方就无权要求货方参与分摊。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。