海关

In 2001, with the cooperation of the Second Historical Archives of China and the General Administration of Customs Office, Jinghua Publishing House had published 170-volume " Chinese Maritime Customs historical material: 1859-1948 ", collecting from 1859 to 1948 Chinese old customs historical material, such as Annual Report and Return, Decennial Reports, Report on the foreign trade of Manchoukuo and so on.

2001年，海关总署办公厅与中国第二历史档案馆合作，由京华出版社影印出版了170册的《中国旧海关史料》，这套大型资料汇编汇辑了中国近代海关自1859年至1948年出版发行的年报和十年报告，以及伪满洲国的外国贸易统计。

After submitting the paper document to the competent customs, if the declarant receives an examination notice, he/she could go through the formality of examination by himself/herself or by an agent; the cargo whose owner doesn't receive such a notice is released directly at the post customs.

报关人在主管海关办理交单手续后，若有查验通知的，可自行或委托其他代理人向口岸海关办理货物的查验手续；不需要查验的货物直接在口岸海关办理货物的放行手续。

To deal with the goods under duty reduction or exemption in accordance with laws and regulations.

为方便企业、单位了解海关关于减免税货物的申办和监管要求，加强内部管理，促进海关和企业、单位的良性互动、合作双赢，海关在此将有关事项郑重告知如下

An obligatory duty payer of export goods shall, unless approved otherwise by the customs office, file a declaration to the customs office of the place of exit after the goods arrive at the administrative area of the customs but 24 hours prior to the loading of goods.

第二十九条进口货物的纳税义务人应当自运输工具申报进境之日起14日内，出口货物的纳税义务人除海关特准的外，应当在货物运抵海关监管区后、装货的24小时以前，向货物的进出境地海关申报。

Article 30 An obligatory duty payer shall, according to the law, faithfully file a declaration to the customs and provide the materials required for determining the dutiable value, classifying the commodities, determining the place of origin and taking antidumping, countervailing or safeguard measures.

第三十条纳税义务人应当依法如实向海关申报，并按照海关的规定提供有关确定完税价格、进行商品归类、确定原产地以及采取反倾销、反补贴或者保障措施等所需的资料；必要时，海关可以要求纳税义务人补充申报。

China Customs actively adapted economic globalization, regional economic integration, and changes resulted from the rapid development of Chinas foreign trade, put forward to the first and second steps of modernization development strategy and carried out Regional Customs Clearance Reform with the promotion of a new Mode of Local Declaration and Port Release. It greatly improved clearance efficiency, reduced logistics costs of import and export enterprises. However, due to the lack of effective internal and external control mechanisms during the initial period, lots of potential risks were brought to Customs management, national economy and the society.

中国海关主动适应经济全球化、区域经济一体化和外贸高速发展所带来的变化，提出第一、第二步现代化发展战略，实施了以"属地申报、口岸验放"为代表的海关区域通关改革，极大的提高了通关效率、降低了进出口企业物流成本，但在推广初期由于缺乏有效的内外部控制机制和手段，给海关管理和国家经济社会带来许多潜在的风险。

Article 26 China Chamber of International Commerce is the issuing and guaranteeing institution of ATA carnets in China, it shall be responsible for issuing ATA carnets for exportation, submitting to the customs office the electronic text in Chinese for the carnets it issues, assisting the customs office to distinguish whether any ATA carnets are genuine or fake, and paying to the customs office the relevant duties and pecuniary penalty incurred by any ATA carnet holder in violation of the provisions on temporary importation or exportation.

第二十六条中国国际商会是我国ATA单证册的出证和担保机构，负责签发出境ATA单证册，向海关报送所签发单证册的中文电子文本，协助海关确认ATA单证册的真伪，并且向海关承担ATA单证册持证人因违反暂时进出境规定而产生的相关税费、罚款。

The paper declaration form for import goods is submitted in quintuplicate, consisting of a page for customs operation, a page for the customs to keep, a page for the enterprise to keep, a page for customs verification and writing-off, and a page certification respectively.

进口货物纸质报关单一式五联：海关作业联、海关留存联、企业留存联、海关核销联、证明联。

After the re-exportation or re-importation, the local customs office shall, upon the strength of the customs documents bearing the seal of the customs office of the place of entry or exit, complete the verification and write-off formalities.

货物复运出境、进境后，主管地海关凭复运出境、进境地海关签章的海关单证办理核销结案手续。

Article 34 In the case of failure to verify and write off or endorse the re-exportation of goods temporarily imported under any carnet by the customs office in China for any reason, the ATA Verification and Write-off Center shall verify and write off the ATA carnet upon the strength of endorsement on the ATA carnet by the customs authority of any other contracting state which certifies that importation or re-importation of this batch of goods, or other documents acknowledged by the customs office in China which can certify that this batch of goods has already left China indeed, as certifications which certify that the goods have been re-exported from China.

第三十四条 ATA单证册项下暂时进境货物复运出境时，因故未经我国海关核销、签注的，ATA核销中心凭由另一缔约国海关在ATA单证上签注的该批货物从该国进境或者复运进境的证明，或者我国海关认可的能够证明该批货物已经实际离开我国境内的其它文件，作为已经从我国复运出境的证明，对ATA单证册予以核销。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。