测高

This article describes the detail of design a prototype of satellite laser altimeter, and the aim is to develop altimetry technology for our country.

本文在基于对激光测高仪原理样机的研制基础上，旨在对我国激光测高仪技术做一些开拓性的工作。

This paper introduces a system based on MCU 51 ultrasonic pulse reflection altimetry systems, therefore we choose to 80C51 or 89C51 altimeter on the objects.

摘 要：本文介绍了一种基于51系统单片机的脉冲反射式超声波测高系统，所以我们选用80C51或89C51进行对物体的测高。

According to the characteristics of altimetric satellite's orbit, this thesis systematically studies the theory and methods of satellite altimeter data processing. The content includes the analysis of satellite's radial error in time domain and in space domain, the spectra characteristics of collinear tracks and crossover points distribution, the integral method and the computation and analysis of Topex altimeter data.

本文针对测高卫星轨道及地面轨迹所独有的特点，较系统地研究了卫星测高数据处理的理论与方法，内容涵盖了测高卫星径向轨道误差的时域特征分析与空域特征分析、共线轨迹与交叉点分布等的谱特征、整体求解法的研究以及Topex测高数据的初步计算与分析。

These results show that:(1) the results retrieved from the Abel integral and absolute TEC inversion are consistent on the whole at higher orbits altitude (~800 km), and in good agreement with those measured by ionosondes; the results retrieved from absolute TEC inversion are in better agreement with those obtained from ionosondes than that by the Abel integral inversion at lower orbits attitude (~500 km);(2) the maximal electron density N m from absolute TEC inversion is closer to N mF2 from ionosondes than that from Abel integral inversion, and the method of the former is more rigorous and effective than that of the latter;(3) absolute TEC is more sensitive to cycle slip than Abel integral, but for the two ways significant loss of inversion precision due to cycle slip always exists.

结果表明：（1）在较高轨道高度（约800 km），Abel积分与绝对TEC方法的反演结果基本一致，都与电离层测高仪反演结果符合良好；在较低轨道高度（约500 km），绝对TEC反演精度优于Abel积分反演精度；（2）绝对TEC反演的最大电子密度 N m较Abel积分法获得的结果更接近于电离层测高获得的峰值电子密度 N mF2，绝对TEC反演法更加严密和有效；（3）周跳对绝对TEC反演结果的影响较Abel积分反演结果的影响更为敏感，但无论哪种方法，周跳对反演精度都造成严重损失。

Oceanographers use it to study ocean currents. Because the instantaneous SSH above a reference ellipsoid can be computed from satellite altimetry, MSS is derived from SSH.

本文首先讨论了由多种测高数据建立平均海面高模型的理论与方法，考虑了海平面高格网化的方法，然后联合利用多种测高数据确定了中国海及邻海（北纬1oN ～41oN ，东经103oE ～137oE ）的格网分辨率为2￠′2￠的平均海面高模型。

The improved threshold retracking algorithm is optimized in the paper. Several waveform retracking algorithms are analyzed. Then a waveform retracking system is programmed. Several retracking methods are used to retrack the EnviSat waveform over the Mediterranean Sea. The improved threshold retracking algorithm is the most robust retracking method and more suitable for the EnviSat waveform retracking over the coastal Mediterranean.

分析了EnviSat雷达测高波形重定算法，并对Threshold算法进行了优化，开发了波形重定程序；以地中海为实验区，利用几种波形重定方法，对近岸海域的EnviSat测高波形进行重定，认为优化的Threshold算法是几种波形重定算法中最稳健的重定算法，适合于地中海近岸海域EnviSat测高波形的重定，对其他近岸海域的应用也有一定的参考意义。

AbstractBased on the character of T/P satellite altimetry return waveform, we present a method to retrack the waveform data and determine the retracking correction with function approach, then improve the precision of altimeter observations in offshore.?For the South China Sea region,?we have processed four cycles T/P altimeter waveform data.

根据测高卫星返回波形的特征，给出了由Topex/Poseidon卫星波形数据进行波形重构的方法，并采用函数逼近算法确定波形重构改正量，进而改善测高卫星近海岸海面高观测值的精度。

The methods for the recovery of gravity filed from satellite altimetry are summarized and studied and the geoid and gravity anomaly grided in 2.5′×2.5′ size over china are recovered from multi-satellite altimetry data. Two methods are used to recover gravity.

6总结并研究了由测高数据恢复海洋重力场以及分离海面地形的方法；利用多代卫星测高资料，以测高轨迹海面高剖面梯度采样为基础数据，分别由垂线偏差法和最小二乘配置法反演了2.5′×2.5′中国海域的重力异常和大地水准面差距；然后采用移去-恢复由高斯滤波方法从平均海面高中分离出15′×15′中国海域的动力海面地形。

From 1973 to present, 8 satellites with 9 altimeters are launched, and many millions of altimetry measurements have been gathered and many characteristics of the sea surface have been investigated in these missions.

本文研究的主要目的和内容是系统地总结卫星测高技术的发展历史、应用及前景；制定测高数据的编辑准则和改善各种地球物理改正的精度；研究区域交叉点平差方法以进一步提高 Geosat 、 ERS-1和 ERS-2的径向轨道精度；完善由多种测高数据建立全球平均海面高模型的理论与方法，进而建立全球海面高模型；总结并研究利用测高数据恢复海洋重力场和分离海面地形的方法，确定中国海域的重力场；探讨海陆大地水准面拼接的问题，实现中国海陆大地水准面的拼接。

From 1973 to present, 8 satellites with 9 altimeters are launched, and many millions of altimetry measurements have been gathered and many characteristics of the sea surface have been investigated in these missions.

自1973至今为止，共有8个测高卫星9个测高仪被发射到天空，它们是Skylab、Geos-3、Seasat、Geosat、ERS-1、ERS-2、Topex/Poseidon和GFO，其中T/P上有两个测高仪。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。