测量误差

The measuring method is not subject to limitations of meas uring environment and site and avoids from the error of manual reading, with adv antageous of high precision, easy realization, etc. However, the cost of measuri ng equipment is relatively high.

本测试方案具有测量精度高、容易实现、不受测量环境和场地的限制、排除了人工读取误差等优点，缺点是测量的设备成本相对较高。

The one-side electronic extensometer fastened on only one side of tensile specimen cannot eliminate the effect of bend of eccentric tension. The results of measurement of such electronic extensometer are instable and then more errors may be included.

目前，国内外使用的电子引伸计多数是测量拉伸试样单侧的变形，由于拉伸试样往往发生偏心拉伸，单侧测量的引伸计无法扣除偏心拉伸的影响，因而其测量结果极不稳定和产生比较大的误差。

However, it will be very difficult to find the best plan using statistics in the case that the certain functional relation between the results and factors can't be found in a dynamic measuring process.

为解决这一问题，本文以灰色系统理论为基础，提出了动态测量中一种新的最佳测量方案选择法，它特别适用于不易寻求各误差间确定关系的复杂测量系统。

Then one new method for deleting gross error based on Grey System Theory is proposed in experiment data processing to improve the measuring accuracy.

为了提高测量系统测量的精度，在测量系统的实验数据处理中提出了一种基于灰色系统理论的粗大误差判别法。

We obtained the accurate refractive index inhomogeneity without system error. At last, in order to resolve the question of the spherometer weared out at the laboratory long-term use, we proposed the method that use the interferometer to adjust the spherometer.

研究了测量光学材料的折射率不均匀性5种方法，建立了四步测量法的数理模型，并且在所研制的CXM100-2W式干涉仪上进行了样品材料的具体测量，在消除了系统误差的情况下，准确的得到了样品材料的折射率不均匀性分布。

On the basis of measure principle of micro-power magnetic flux used by electronic integrator,a new kind of electronic integrator whose measurement sensitivity can reach as high as is designed to against the factor of integration drift,integration time constant etc which will effect Integration output error.

在将电子积分器应用于测量微磁通原理的基础上，针对影响积分输出误差因素中积分漂移、积分时间常数等的分析，设计了一种测量灵敏度为10-9C的新型电子积分器，并将该电子积分器应用于10-7～10-8C电量微磁通测量系统中。

To avoid the serious electromagnetic interferer, the analog signals are transformed to frequency pulses which are transferred to the kernel of the system. In the measure of the groove voltage, the method of float-ground is adopted to avoid the high common signal and the range switch circuit is designed to solve the conflict of the wide dynamic range and the high precision. least square Curvefit is adopted to reduce the system error.

铝电解生产现场电磁干扰非常严重，为此我们将需要测量的模拟信号就近转换为频率脉冲后再传送到控制核心；采用浮地接入方式消除槽电压信号中的共模成分；设计了量程自动切换电路以解决槽电压的动态范围宽和测量精度高的矛盾；用最小二乘法进行曲线拟和以降低测量的系统误差。

The mechanical measurement is to use an indicator to measure the surface or the edge of the testing lens mounted in a specific holder in a contact way. The principle of the optical measurement is the geometric optics, utilizing the properties of refraction or reflection of light to detect the centering error of the testing elements in a contactless way.

机械式的测量是利用指示器配合治具对待测透镜之外缘或表面进行接触式测量；而光学式的测量原理则是利用几何光学的折射或反射性质，对待测元件进行非接触式的偏心误差量测。

The paper explained the courses of logical measuring operation, diagram processing, and error analysis designed by Visual Basic 6.0, which made the operation simple and the display of diagrams accurate and legible.

通过Visual Basic 6.0语言设计合理的测量操作、图表处理及误差分析界面的过程，使操作简单，图表显示准确清晰，实现对1~2级超精密齿轮齿距累积总偏差测量装置的改进及其自动测量系统的设计。

The instrument simultaneously sample for three phase voltage and current. Rotary photoelectric coding switch and LCD are used for human-computer interaction. it makes the interface compact and efficient. Utilizing the function of positive and negative edge trigger of the programmable counter array unit in MPU, signal zero-cross is captured for the phase detected based on double way. The software synchronism sampling method based on real-time parameter self-optimizing minishes period truncation error, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The digitization power measure imports traditional two-unit and three-unit methods and expands application range of the instrument. The capacity is discriminated by soft ware table-look-up on the load loss. The value of a quantity is converted to the value when reference temperature (75 ℃) from test temperature.

该仪器具有以下特点：仪器对三相电压电流同时采样；基于旋转式光电编码器和液晶显示屏的人机交互界面简洁而高效；可编程计数器阵列PCA"捕获"信号的过零点用于双向过零平均鉴相，得到准确的相位差和周期；基于实时参数自寻优的软件同步采样，有效地减小了周期截断误差，提高了测量准确度；数字化功率测量引入了传统的二表法和三表法，扩展了仪器的使用范围；实际容量根据负载损耗用软件查表的方法来判别；测量值已从试验温度折算到了参考温度(75℃)时的值。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。