测量误差

The system breakdown voltage measurement and signal output two most voltage measurement part in the main circuit simulation, tie amplifier module, A / D conversion module, module; Sunplus microprocessor through data processing, in the range of allowable error voltage measurements show, and broadcast voice.

本系统分电压测量和信号产生输出两大部分，电压测量部分以模拟电路为主，配合放大模块、A/D转化模块、显示模块；通过凌阳单片机进行数据处理，在误差允许范围内显示测量电压值，并播报语音。

At last, guided by the theoretical calculation mentioned above, a series of experiments were carried out. The wavefront distortion of a plano concave lens was measured. The total error was less then 8%. This certified the measured results of the interferometer. The wavefront distortion of a one-side pumped zigzag slab gain medium in different pumping power was measured.

最后，在上述理论计算的指导下，进行了一系列波前检测实验：对一个焦距已知的平凹透镜所产生的波前畸变进行了检测，总的测量的误差小于8%，验证了系统测量结果的准确性；测量了一个单侧泵浦的之字形板条增益介质，在不同泵浦功率下的波前畸变情况。

An optimal path planning algorithm of the observer is proposed in this paper, which is based on the dynamic programming. Based on the data measured at the current stage, the optimal moving direction of the observer at the next stage is calculated aiming at the maximum area of the target feasible region convergence.

该算法在当前测量时刻所测数据的基础上，以目标位置可行域收敛面积最大化为目标，分析出观测站运动到下一测量时刻的最优运动方向，从而达到缩短定位时间和抑制定位误差的目的，实现整个测量路线的最优化。

Basic nuclear physics and fundamental measuring techniques: The basic nuclear physics involves the main types of nuclear decay, law of decay, definition and units of radioactivity and the interaction of radiations and materials.

核物理基础与放射性测量技术：内容主要是核衰变的四种类型、衰变规律、放射性活度及其单位；射线与物质的相互作用，以及γ计数器及液体闪烁仪测量的基本原理和放射性测量的统计误差。

As for the measurement of satellite baselines, only an order of decimeter precision can be obtained just by instruments. Fortunately, the error can be estimated and corrected by signal processing.

对于编队卫星基线的测量，仅仅利用测量仪器通常只能达到分米级的测量精度，可以利用信号处理的方法进一步估计并校正阵列误差。

In order to decrease experimental error and increase accuracy,we analyzed the source of measurement uncertainty of the colony determination in drink,and assess ed measurement uncertainty caused by dispersibility.

为减小实验误差，提高检测精确度，我们分析了饮料中菌落总数测量不确定的来源，评定了由重复性测量的分散性引起的测量不确定度。

The Periscope Drawtube will be bent because of the water resistance in sailing and this bend will cause the error of star measurement. Due to its especial structure, contactless measurement is the only way to measure its bend degree. First this paper introduces the method by linear array CCD based on structure and light path; Second it expatiates linear array CCD work principle and driving scheduling with example of TCD1501C and the driving circuit by CPLD. The output signal of linear array CCD includes common disturbance so the differential amplifier is needed. In order to make the signal adapt to computer processing, a threshold circuit with Schmitt characteristic and the data process following threshold are given. At last, some key problems in application are given.

潜艇潜望镜的镜筒在航行时受到水的阻力会产生弯曲变形，这种变形会造成潜艇对星体测量的误差；由于镜筒结构的特殊性，对其弯曲程度的测量只能采用非接触方法；首先从结构和光路方面介绍采用线阵CCD作为检测元件实现对镜筒弯曲程度的测量；其次以东芝公司的线阵CCD（TCD1501C）为例阐述了其工作原理及驱动时序的控制要点，并介绍了基于可编程逻辑器件的线阵CCD的驱动电路；线阵CCD输出的信号中含有共模干扰，必须采用差分放大器将其抑制；为将信号转化为适合计算机处理的数字信号，文中给出了有一定实用价值具有施密特特性的二值化处理电路及二值化后的数据处理过程；最后阐述了在实际使用中的一些关键问题。

Periodic fluid pulsation in aeroplane hydraulic piping could induce fluid-construction vibration and lead to fatigue damage. It is impossible to find the error sensor's optimization location because of the pressure standing wave, and the pulsation attenuation effect is not perfect when adopting pulsation attenuation at single point. For this reason, a distributed active control method of fluid pulsation was presented. To avoid stationary point in all aviation states, several fluid pulsation actuators and error pressure sensors were placed along the piping. The second fluid pulsation produced by actuators can counteract the primary pulsation brought by aviation piston pump and make the mean pulsation of whole piping minimum when adopting adaptive feed- forward control and the filtered-X least mean square algorithm.

针对飞机液压能源管路系统中的周期性流体脉动诱发流固耦合振动，导致管路疲劳损伤的问题，针对管路中存在压力驻波特性，在采用单点消振时寻找误差传感器最佳布局位置困难而引起脉动抑制效果不理想的缺点，提出了一种分布式流体脉动主动控制方法，即沿管路不同位置布置多个主动消振阀和误差压力传感器，在任意飞行阶段，避开压力驻波点，以误差压力传感器的脉动测量值为控制目标，采用一种针对周期脉动主动控制的自适应前馈控制法和多通道自适应滤波－X LMS算法，调整控制器参数，使主动消振器产生的次级脉动与管路中的初始脉动相互抵消，达到整个管路中的平均流体脉动最小的效果。

During the process, the whole position errors on the plane were measured by using the equipment that can only measure a small field. The positional errors on the entire plane table of CNC machine tools were obtained by measuring the error of the basic postion near the original point.

该方法以距离机床坐标原点较近的点（该点的误差直接通过测量仪器获得）为基点，从而获得离机床坐标原点较远位置点的误差，依此类推，最终获得整个机床平面上位置点的误差信息。

After transverse Zeeman effect is introduced to reduce the mode coupling, the laser could produce two orthogonal linear polarized components with 5MHz beat frequency. The effect of the magnetic field's direction to generation of the dualfrequency and the polarization property of the laser is investigated Based on theoretical study and experimental investigation to the beat frequency tuning character, a novel method for stabilizing the laser beat frequency is brought forward.

现代机械工业的发展使得机床、三坐标测量机等的运行速度已提高至1m/s，为适应这种发展趋势，本文研究了高频差（5MHz）激光干涉仪的光源、稳频和外差信号的处理等基本问题，建立了测量速度可达1m/s的高测速激光干涉仪，并对其在加工中心主轴热漂移测量系统和加工中心误差实时测量系统中的应用进行了研究。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。