测量误差

The simulated results show that when muzzle velocity is zero the cumulative error induced by acceleration of 0.6g can be up to 2.5 nm in 0.4 s, which is not negligible in nanometer measurement.

仿真结果表明，在0.4s时间内0.6g加速度所引起的累积误差可达2.5 nm左右，这对于纳米精度的测量是不应忽视的；初速度不为零时加速运动会引起更大的误差，而减速运动所引起的误差则相对小。

A method of the three-coordinate machine to the measurement of direct error happened to the cylindrical indexing cam contour surface is proposed in the paper.

介绍了用三坐标机测量圆柱分度凸轮廓面法向误差的方法，在此基础上分析了廓面误差对圆柱分度凸轮机构分度误差的影响。

Thus, if a high resistance is required in a measurement circuit, the error analysis must account for the error due to the voltage coefficient of the resistor, in addition to all other time and temperature error factors.

所以，如果一个测量电路需要使用高阻值电阻器的话，在进行误差分析的时候，除了考虑所有其它的时间和温度等误差因素之外，还必须考虑由电阻器电压系数所引起的误差。

According to the evaluation models of form error,the probability distribution types of form error are researched,and the uncertainty of measurement result of form error is estimated with them.

3根据形状误差的评定模型，研究了形状误差的概率分布类型，并据此对形状误差的测量结果不确定度进行估计。

On the aspect of error compensation, the system using the geometric average sound pressure instead of the arithmetic average sound pressure to get the sound pressure of the measurement point. This method not only reduces the high frequency error in the sound intensity measurement, which compensates the finite difference approximation error, but also greatly reduces the computation of the sound pressure spectrum.

误差补偿方面，课题采用几何平均声压代替通常的算术平均声压来计算双传声器法的声场声压值，这样不仅可以有效的减少声强测量中的高频误差，对有限差分误差起到了补偿作用，而且还大大减小了声压谱计算中的计算量。

Utilizing the symmetry of the output of the light produced from the slab target, this method is concise and can simply give the result by comparing the intensity of the beams received by flat-field grating spectrometer.

这种方法避免了测量入射光以及出射光的绝对强度，减少了测量过程中的被测量，因而测量的误差也随之降低。

The temperature drift is one of the most important error sources and influences the measuring accuracy of gyroscope greatly.

温度漂移是陀螺角度误差的主要误差源之一，严重影响了陀螺的测量精度，因此需要对陀螺角度输出误差进行补偿。

High measure precision: High precision and low operation error can meet needs of various levels of operator, identical measurement results can be gained in spite of different practical experiment of operator.

测量精度高：不但测量精度高，且个人操作误差小，不同的测量人员，不管有无经验均可获得相同的测量值。●使用范围广泛：可测大型、重型工件某个部位的尺寸，也可适用于高温、放射性等恶劣环境条件下的测量。

Firstly, Wavelet-Galerkin algorithm for solving the first kind of singular integral equation with the Hilbert kernel is proposed, we use the characteristic of periodic wavelet on L~2([0,1]) and Hilbert kernel to solve and make stiff matrix lower dimensions and become sparser through thresholding,thus the cost of computation is reduced. Because of the singularity of Hilbert kernel we use Tikhonov regularization method to solve the system of stiff equation. At last the convergence and numerical result of approximate solution are given. Secondly, an approach of regularization based on Fourier is presented for sideways heat equation; we give the theory proof and error estimate.

首先，提出了含Hilbert核的第一类奇异积分方程的小波伽辽金(Wavelet-Galerkin)数值算法，该算法中利用了L~2([0，1])上的周期小波和Hilbert核的特点进行处理，使得刚性矩阵维数降低并且通过阈值使得它更加稀疏，减少了计算量；由于Hilbert核的奇异性，通过Tikhonov正则化方法求解所得到的刚性方程组，给出了收敛性和数值结果；其次，对标准的一维逆热传导方程给出了一种基于Fourier正则化方法，给出了理论证明及其误差估计，解决了文献中算法与理论误差估计的不相匹配的现象，该正则化方法不仅保留了测量数据的部分高频成份，且与文献中的算法具有同样的计算量和误差估计。

An accurate measurement scheme is proposed for testing the error of cone prisms with Hartmann wavefront sensor. The measurement theory was discussed, the reconstruction of the wavefront reflected from a cone prism was studied, and the relation between the wavefront characteristics and the errors of a cone prism was given.

因此，提出一种用哈特曼波前传感器全面检测角锥棱镜角度误差和面形误差的技术方案，从理论上分析了哈特曼法的测量原理，深入研究了光经过角锥棱镜后的波面重建，给出了波面特征与角锥棱镜误差参量之间的关系。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。