测量误差

Under a complicated condition in the working area,66200 physical points in total were surveyed in 65 days,in which there was no system error and the maximum error of point location survey was 0.4m,being less than permissible value.

在工区作业条件比较复杂情况下，共测定物理点 6 6 2 0 0个，测量作业 6 5d ，点位误差最大值 0 。4m ，精度小于允许值，没有系统误差。通过实践，表明该RTK测量技术测量点位准确、效率高、效益好，作业人员少，资料处理微机化程度高。

However, different systematic error has different scale and the influence degree is different.

在水准测量计算过程中，系统误差改正是一项影响精度不可忽视的重要因子，换言之，测量成果中若存在系统误差，将导致测量成果精度之降低。

Supposing the hot end of a bare thermocouple is a global thermometer, the authors built a mathematical model for the heat-exchange-based air temperature measurement with the bare thermocouple, deduced the dynamic response time and the deviation estimate formulas in theory. The formulas can be satisfied under the conditions of global thermometers and contact-type temperature measurement.

文中假设裸露热电偶的热端为一球形温度计，建立裸露热电偶热传导测量空气温度的数学模型，从理论上给出其热传导测量空气温度的动态响应时间和最大温度误差估计式，从而可知只要球形温度计在接触式测量温度时得到其动态响应时间和最大温度误差即可满足所求公式。

This paper introduces the principle and unit of measurement of turbidimeter,a kind of instrument used to measure the content of undissolved particulate matter suspending in water or other transparent liquid.In this article the measurement uncertainty of relative indication error in the method recommended in verification regulation of turbidimeter(JJG880-1994)for turbidimeteris estimated.The sources of standard uncertainty component are analyzed in detail.The combined standard uncertainty and effective degree of freedom are calculated.

本文介绍了用于测量悬浮于水中的不溶性颗粒物质含量的仪器浊度计的测量原理和计量单位，并依据计量检定规程（JJG 880-1994）中检定示值相对误差的方法，对示值相对误差的测量结果进行不确定度评定，具体分析了各个不确定度分量的产生，并合成标准不确定度及有效自由度。

GPS surveying based on GPS reference station network can improve the reliability and veracity, eliminate and weaken the infection of atmosphere error and orbit error which is relative to time and space in the observation of GPS surveying, which makes the rapid static pointing and RTK dynamic pointing of medium and long distance into reality, and has virtues of acquirable WGS84 coordinate directly.

采用基于GPS基准网的GPS测量可以提高GPS测量的可靠性和准确性，可以消除和减小GPS测量观测值中与时间和空间相关的大气误差和轨道误差的影响，使中、长距离快速静态定位和RTK动态定位成为现实，还具有可直接得到WGS84Z坐标等优点。

Minimum Zone Evaluation of form error is needed for measurement uncertainty analysis and assessment of inspectability of Virtual Coordinate Inspecting System, it is also a basis of Minimum Zone Evaluation of form errors and attitude errors.

形状误差最小区域评定是虚拟坐标测量系统中测量不确定度分析和可测量性评估所必需的，也是一切形位误差最小区域评定的基础。

This study thoroughly inspects reciprocal method and leap-frog method of EDM trigonometric leveling along with relationship between EDM height, ellipsoid height, and orthometric height. An experimental area with 200m, 400m and 600m span intervals were set up with vertical angle error ±1.5〞and EDM error ±（2mm+2×10-6×Smm）.

本研究规划实验区实地针对200m、400m、600m三种测段长，采用之全测站仪之垂直角中误差为±1.5〞，测距中误差为±（2mm+2×10-6×Smm），进行EDM三角高程测量，并对测量方法及观测成果精度进行分析，实际探讨短距离EDM三角高程代替水准测量的可能性。

This instrument not only links up model 3201 Universal Involute-checking Instrument and model GCN-2 General Surface Roughness-checking Instrument but also refits them. It uses a micro error-gauging head instead of ...

该装置是用3201型万能渐开线检查仪与GCN-2型通用表面粗糙度检查仪相连接并改装而成，用微观误差测量头代替宏观误差测量头，它具有设备投资少，测量精度高、操作方便等优点，是目前一般工厂学校均可使用的较理想装置。

The features of involute gear profile are mapping analyzed, the principle and method of on machine measuring the longitudinal form error of bull gear s with the rack probe is introduced, the data evaluation model of longitudinal form error is established, and a measuring example is given.

对渐开线齿轮廓面特性进行了映射分析，介绍了齿条刃边测头在机测量大型齿轮齿向误差的基本原理及测量方案，建立了齿向误差的数据评定模型，并给出了测量实

Traditionally,the research works on network measurement merely focusing on how to rectify the result and improve clock precision,but neglect the inevitable clock error s effect on measurement result.

传统网络测量技术重视修正和提高时钟精度，但忽视了测量中客观误差对结果的影响，这种做法不适用于对高速网络的分布式协同测量中的误差进行定量描述。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。