测量误差

According to the observation experiment at the Jiufeng station where there is smaller environment noise, the conclusions are drawn as follows.In the normal atmosphere, the observed value is about 500×10-5ms-2, which is greater than theoretical value about 30×10-5ms-2, and if in the low vacuum, the observational error about 2.3×10-5ms-2 is generated. The vacuum maintaining system in falling room can not work normally, which will yield 0.1~4.1×10-5ms-2 error to the gravimetric observation. In the case of that the measurement is in the stable geological conditions and the smaller environment noise, the action of vibration isolating spring is not obvious, but it yields greater effects on measurement accuracy.

通过在环境干扰较小的九峰站观测实验，得到如下结论：在正常大气压状态下所观测到的空气阻力影响约500×10-5ms-2，比理论估算值大近30×10-5ms-2，若在低真空状态测量空气阻力也将产生2.3×10-5ms-2观测误差；落体室真空度维持系统工作不正常，空气阻力也将对重力观测造成0.1~4.1×10-5ms-2的观测误差；在地质条件比较稳定，环境震动干扰较小的基墩上测量，隔震弹簧的作用对观测结果影响不明显，但对测量精度影响较大。

The results show that the phase error of the vector measurement is zero, and amplitude error can be eliminated, and the error caused by D/A is much lower than a LBS.

结果证明，相位测量的理论误差为零，幅度测量的理论误差可用修正系数消除，且D/A有限字长引起的误差远小于一个LBS。

It's pointed out that soft sensor will play more important role in field bus network control system. According to this, a crude solution was addressed. At last, we point out that soft sensor technology must used to build an information warehouse for the whole enterprise, combined with data fusion, data warehouse, data rectification and other related technologies. The main contributions of this dissertation are as follows: The background, requirement, and application situation of soft sensors are expounded, the theories, methods and skills of soft sensing technology are analyzed, and the fruits and problems in current soft sensor technologies are summarized. Some new methods of soft sensor is proposed: A principal component analysis-based secondary variable selection method are proposed; A new conception which modeling data should have gross error detection is addressed, and then a cluster analysis-based modeling data gross error detection method is given.

本文的主要贡献有：对软测量技术根据实践的要求进行了一定的理论研究，针对具体问题提出了新的方法：讨论了辅助变量选择问题，研究了基于主元分析的辅助变量选择方法，该方法克服了传统方法只能利用数学模型产生的仿真数据进行最优辅助变量选择的缺点，可以根据历史数据进行辅助变量选择；提出了建模数据显著误差侦破的概念，指出传统的显著误差侦破研究的是已知过程数学模型的情况，而建模时数学模型是未知的，但是直接来自现场的数据并不能保证不含显著误差，并用基于聚类分析的方法解决了该问题，该方法利用聚类分析原理，直接面对过程数据，不需以过程模型为基础，在此基础上给出了软测量建模过程中样本数据的处理方法。

In the hardware circle design, the original measure signal is gained from the sensor, so it is critical to make a choice; In additional, a new type electronic component called True R MS-to-DC converter AD536A which can reduce the complex and expatiatory software transition is used to improve the system's response speed; This system is controlled by a single chip microcomputer which will processes the sampling signal.

在硬件电路中，由于原始的测量信号是从传感器获得的，因此传感器的选用比较关键。本仪表采用了新型电子芯片AD536，AD536真有效值芯片可以省去复杂冗长的软件换算过程，提高系统的响应速度，在此主要是介绍它的功能和应用特点；我们采用单片机对采样信号进行处理，选用凌阳16位单片机，着重介绍了它的性能特点；在采样和误差分析方面，对测量仪的数据转换系统进行了详细的分析，包括该系统的结构功能以及误差的来源，并提出了提高精度减小误差的措施。

As the result of theoretical analysis and practical test, the systematic error corrections of the second-order level measurement must include collimation error correction, refraction error correction and orthometric correction (altitude over more than 50 m in the examining area).

经理论分析与实际测试后发现二等水准测量须做视准轴误差、折射误差与正高改正（测区标高超过50公尺以上），而二等水准测量，则须加人视准轴误差，测区标高超过100公尺以上，亦需加人正高改正。

operation process and arithmetic of the two-position gyro-based north seeker are introduced.

文章介绍了二位置陀螺寻北仪工作过程及算法原理，它采用陀螺仪在相差180°的两点上采样相互对消陀螺常值漂移的方法，提高寻北精度；其突出特点是结构简单，实现方便，精度较好；为了提高寻北精度和缩短寻北时间，文章找出误差源中的转位误差，并分析了转位误差对寻北误差的影响，推导了误差公式，得出转位误差引起的寻北误差是一个常量的结论，同时提出了转位误差的测量与补偿方法。

It is indicated that the accuracy of the measured value is determined rather by the practical relative error than by the maximum relative error. It is correct that the nearer the scale reading approaches the maximum, the more accurate the measurement is. The scale reading need not be required above 2/3X.

指出使用电表进行测量时，测量值的准确性是由其实际相对误差而非最大相对误差决定的；并非电表的读数越接近满刻度，测量值的准确性就越高；使用电表进行测量时，电表的读数不必被限定在2/3X上。

Comparison of the synchronous measurement result of this receiver with that of a reference one shows the error trend is the same. The scatter plots of the horizontal error and vertical error distribution show that this measurement system is more stable and can reflect the position information exactly.

该接收机和参考接收机的同步测量结果表明，两个接收机对定位信息获取的误差趋势相同，通过接收机的水平误差散点图和时间序列垂直误差分布图可见，该测量系统较稳定，可准确地反映定位点的位置信息。

The positional errors on the entire plane table of CNC machine tools were obtained by measuring the error of the basic postion near the original point.

给出了接力测量的法则，对平面误差场中任意一点的误差，应以最少的接力次数获得，接力测量次数相同时，测量路径对测量结果影响不大。

Based on the research on sensitivity of geomagnetic declination on wind measurement by UAV with Pitot-static tube,mathematical model of wind speed error to effect of geomagnetic declination is set up in virtue of wind measurement theory and error theory.

从无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle，UAV)皮托-静压管测风对磁偏角的敏感性出发，借助无人机皮托-静压管测风原理和误差理论，建立了磁偏角对测风影响的风速误差数学模型；通过仿真，分析了磁偏角对风速测量的影响和误差变化规律，并通过试验数据验证了仿真结论，为磁偏角的校正，提高风速测量精度提供了参考依据。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。