测量误差

According to the theory of electromagnetic field and the theory of error a nalysis,the far field condition for antenna test is discussed,the influence of limited test distance on antenna far field measurement in a microwave anechoic chamber is analysed, and the error model is established.

利用电磁场和误差分析理论，在阐述天线远场测量条件的基础上，分析了微波暗室有限测试距离对天线远场测量的影响，建立了误差模型，并结合实例说明了微波暗室有限测试距离对天线场强测量、增益测量的影响。

The main measuring drawtube is hanged up vertically from the frame with a universal joint and a probe is fixed on its bottom end, other two subsidiary drawtubes connecting the frame and the main measuring drawtube with spherical joints.

建立了该测量机的模型，给出了由测量杆长度求测点坐标的解析式、测量空间及其数字算例，简要分析了测量机的误差，结果表明，机构对多种制造误差不敏感。

This paper brings up with the theory of Virtual Coordinate Measuring System. The basic theoretic models of the virtual coordinate measuring system are given. This theory of virtual coordinate measuring system makes use of the principle of Time-Space correspondence and turns the time pulses into spatial displacement. The virtual coordinate measuring system can take the place of the scale system in traditional instruments, which has the disadvantages of high cost and difficulty ofproduction.

本文同时提出并建立虚拟坐标测量系统理论；该理论从传统的测量仪器出发，将传统仪器的实物标尺系统虚拟化，克服了实物标尺系统加工制造困难，及造价高等缺点，将硬件结构简化；本文提出并建立初步的虚拟坐标测量系统模型，并在三坐标测量机上建立了一维虚拟坐标测量系统的实验模型，初步分析系统的系统误差与其随机误差源。

Check method of residual error was used to judge data error, as if sum of front K residual error was unlikeness with sum of back n-K residual error in measure row, it shown that exist linear system error in measure row.

使用残余误差校核法，若测量列中前K个残余误差之和与后个残余误差之和不相等，则测量列存在线性系统误差。

Real stereography system was calibrated with the measuring value ofcontrol points.Measuring values were agreed very well with theoretical calculatedvalues.Further absolute errors and relative errors of the measured velocity formentioned experinent were provided according to the synthetical analyses tomeasurement results and theoretical calculated values.

并且用定位板测量参数对体视摄影系统进行了校验，理论分析和测量结果符合的相当好；在此基础上，依实际流场测量结果和理论估算相结合的综合分析，给出了速度场测量的绝对误差和相对误差。

Secondly, we introduce the measurement theory of vector magnetic field and some optical essentials for the measurement.

在第一章中的开始部分，我们简述了太阳黑子的观测特征以及太阳黑子矢量磁场测量的重要意义，然后介绍了测量太阳黑子矢量磁场的测量原理以及测量仪器中必需的光学元件，最后详细地介绍了太阳Stokes光谱望远镜的结构及特点、观测数据的解调方法、误差的成因及降低误差的方法。

Firstly, the article introduces the definition of error of lens center in the old and new national standard, and summarizes three present systems that can confirm the lens center. Then we discuss the theory and formula of self-collimation catoptric method. On the basis of self-collimation theory, some apparatuses were designed (including internal-focusing center scope and center error measure instrument etc).

首先介绍了新旧国家标准关于透镜中心误差的定义，归纳和总结了目前物镜装校定中心的三个体系，讨论了光学系统中心误差自准反射法测量原理、公式和测量方法，以及根据自准反射法测量原理而设计开发的定中心仪器——内调焦定心仪、中心偏测量仪等设备。

It is introduced that with two total station instrument s after transforming to set up the station arbitrarily,the deduction for formula and the calculation for error are made to evaluate the differences in elevation with the subtending measurement of trigonometric leveling.

介绍了用两台改造后的全站仪任意置站的方法进行三角高程对向测量求取高差的公式推导和误差计算，论述了用三角高程测量代替二、三等水准测量的可行方法，测量时不必量取仪器高、目标高，减少了三角高程的误差来源，加快了施测速度。

It is introduced that with two total station instruments after transforming to set up the station arbitrarily,the deduction for formula and the calculation for error are made to evaluate the differences in elevation with the subtending measurement of trigonometric leveling .

介绍了用两台改造后的全站仪任意置站的方法进行三角高程对向测量求取高差的公式推导和误差计算，论述了用三角高程测量代替二、三等水准测量的可行方法，测量时不必量取仪器高、目标高，减少了三角高程的误差来源，加快了施测速度。

In the course of testing, the laser was used as light source with twin-light path, dispelled the error of light-intensity variation of traditional detection devices, the measurement result only relates to the relative change of optical intensity .

测量以激光为光源，采用双光路法，消除了通用检测仪由于光源光强不稳定产生的误差，使得测量结果只与光强的相对变化量有关；光波出入波导均采用棱镜耦合，减少了普通测试方法因样品质量及面形误差和端面洁净情况不同或输出透镜不能很好汇聚光波而产生的误差；利用常规仪器设备实现了数字化检测显示，避免了人为主观读数产生的误差；利用AD538实时模拟计算芯片，提高了计算精度和运算速度。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。