测量与控制

There are two crucial issues, the accurate measurement of tonality and the decision of shared control parameters.

两个决定性的问题为，如何准确的测量讯号的音调度，与如何决定共用的控制参数。

When establishing models for practical control systems, there are errors, which can be described as the model uncertainties, between the systemic model and the practical problems because measurement errors, various disturbances and unestablished model dynamics are inevitable.

在对实际控制系统建模时，由于不可避免地存在着测量误差、各种干扰及未建模动态等，导致系统模型与实际问题之间存在着误差，一般称这些误差为系统中的不确定性。

Software sensors, which can provide on-line estimations of unmeasurable process variables from available sensors, are very useful and promising tools in biochemical industry.

然而，目前缺乏可靠的生物量在线测量方法，使及时、迅速的控制与优化难以实现。

These all call for the well-knit academic and professional researches in risk exposure, risk measurement to risk control.

所有这一切都要求对于发行市政债券所带来的信用风险的扎实的学术与专业的研究，从风险暴露，风险测量到风险控制。

In the segment precasting, cantilever erection and bridge deck construction during the PAKSEY bridge construction, the precise surveying control results in the minimum error between the bridge deck line and the designed line.

在PAKSEY大桥的施工过程中，对节段梁的预制、节段梁的悬臂拼装以及桥面体系的施工进行了精密的测量控制，从而使桥面线形与设计线形的误差最小。

This paper develops a kind of quality control and data acquisition system which can feed the numerical value measured by the digital display dial gauge into the computer directly.

本文开发了一个微机数据采集与质量控制系统，可以将数显测微仪测量的数据直接送入计算机。

SCM given temperature and measurement temperature compared to the actuator deviation obtained from the higher switching frequency, solid-state relay switches as to change the same cycle electronic switch closure time to achieve control.

单片机将给定的温度与测量温度的相比较，得出偏差量执行器由开关频率较高的固态继电器开关担任，改变同一个周期中电子开关的闭合时间，达到控制的目的。

It includes the main propulsion plant, management of power station , ship control system,remote control of valves and measurement of tank level,cargo oil pump controlled by converter,heating monitoring of cargo oil tanks and reclaim monitoring of poisonous vapour.

结合19 000 dwt化学品/成品油船的设计，从系统基本原理及构成上，简要介绍了主推进装置、电站管理、船舶控制系统、阀门遥控与液位测量、变频货油泵、液货舱加热和有毒液货蒸汽回收等方面的自动化设计，探讨了此类船型的自动化系统特点及发展方向。

In this work, nanostructure samples of La1-xCaxMnO3（x=0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）were prepared by hydrothermal-precipitation method . The structural characterization of the powder samples were done by X-ray diffraction. XRD patterns showed that all the samples ate single perovskite-type phase withoutother impurity or secondary phase. The shape and size of samples were performed on Scanning Electron Microscopy. SEM photographs investigated that temperature of hydrothermal effects the phase of samples and alkalinity of the reaction mixture by ΔTad-T curve measurement device at low magnetic fielded

本论文采用水热共沉淀退火法制备了La1-xCaxMnO3（x=0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5）系纳米结构，用X射线衍射仪确定产物为单相钙钛矿结构，无任何杂峰及第二相；用扫描电子显微镜与透射电子显微镜分析了产物的大小和形貌，发现水热温度对产物的形成起决定作用，随着温度的升高，产物由薄膜状向丝状转变，而溶液的碱度可控制产物的形貌和大小，当碱度为6.35mol/L，水热温度为240 C时，La0.6Ca0.4MnO3的主要形貌为纳米丝并有少量纳米颗粒，纳米丝平均直径为40nm；最后测量了粉末样品在低磁场（1.4T）下的磁热效应，发现水热共沉淀退火法制备样品的最大绝热温度明显高于球磨法制备样品的最大绝热温变。

Compare with tunable filter detection technique, the wavelength measurement technique using tunable source is analyzed theoretically. We design a kind of all-fiber sensing interrogation system, by using long-period fiber grating as edge filter to interrogate the sensing signal of the FBG sensor. The wavelength resolution of the sensing measurement is 0.05nm.A novel FBG Bourdon tube sensor has been constructed, utilizing the pressure mechanic amplify function of Bourdon tube. The measured pressure sensitivity is two orders of magnitude higher than a simple monomode fiber with an in-fiber grating. Especially the pressure sensitivity of the sensor can be determined by changing the parameters of the cantilever beam. Adopting polymer package technique, we coat fiber Bragg grating by using polymer with different mechanic properties.

利用波登管对于压力的机械放大作用，研制了一种新颖的光纤光栅波登管压力传感器，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了两个数量级，特别是这一传感器的压力灵敏度的大小可以通过改变悬臂梁自身的参数灵活控制；采用聚合物封装技术，将FBG封装于具有不同力学特性的有机聚合物基底中，利用基底的带动作用，将FBG对压力的灵敏度分别提高了20倍和31.7倍，由于我们采用了特殊的工艺，封装后的FBG不出现任何光栅啁啾；在成功封装的基础上对封装光栅的蠕变效应、FBG与封装材料之间的防滑处理等进行了实验研究；设计了外加圆柱形铝管的聚合物封装光纤光栅，将FBG的压力灵敏度提高了1430倍，可用于对微小压力变化的精确测量。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。