测时法

To ensure the quantity of collected joint samples enough, and at the same time, to save surveying workload, the optimum scan line length should be determined first of all.

为了保证采集的结构面样本数量足够多，同时又使测量工作量最省，测线法应用时首先需要确定一个能够保证测量精度的最小测线长度－最佳测线长度。

The scan line method is one of the most commonly used methods in rock joints survey. To ensure the quantity of collected joint samples enough, and at the same time, to save surveying workload, the optimum scan line length should be determined first of all.

为了保证采集的结构面样本数量足够多，同时又使测量工作量最省，测线法应用时首先需要确定一个能够保证测量精度的最小测线长度——最佳测线长度。

In this paper, some practical and advanced geophysical methods are introduced. These methods include resistivity image profiling, 3D reflection seismics, borehole radar, borehole camera, acoustic televiewer log, dipmeter log and cross-hole log. The main purpose of this paper is to briefly introduce their operating principles and possible applications to geotechnical engineers for references.

本文列举数项实用且先进的地球物理技术，包括：地电阻影像剖面法、三维反射震测法、孔内雷达探测技术、孔内摄影法、超音波电视井测、倾角井测及跨孔井测等，就其施测原理与可能的应用方向做一介绍，期能提供大地工程调查规划时的参考。

This article analyses the application conditions of freezing method, current research status and the problems in this field. It points that it's necessary to study deep freezing temperature field deeply and discusses the factors which influence the freezing wall such as soil's nature, moisture content, geological conditions, etc. It introduces the theory, process of freezing method, the distribution of temperature field of freezing method and key thermotics parameters influencing freezing temperature field. It simplifies the deep freezing temperature field model. Through ANSYS, this article founds the deep freezing temperature field model, and simulates the field on vary heat conductivities. It analyzes the results of ANSYS simulation, gains the theoretical value of thermometric holes which is needed by back-analysis. Using the simulation temperature and actual value, it gets the equivalent heat conductivity. Then it solves the deep freezing temperature field by the equivalent value, simulates the freezing wall development process and temperature change curve. Against the actual project, the results are favorable.

文中分析了冻结法施工的应用条件，目前对冻结法施工的研究现状和在此领域内存在的问题，指出了对深土冻结温度场进行深入研究分析的必要性；对影响冻结壁形成发展的因素如冻土土性、含水量、地质条件及施工方法等因素进行了论述；对冻结法施工的原理、过程，冻结法温度场的分布情况，影响冻结温度场分布的主要热学参数进行了综述；对深土冻土温度场模型进行了合理的简化，通过ANSYS大型有限元分析软件，建立了深土冻结温度场的模型，对不同导热系数情况下的深土冻结温度场进行了模拟；对ANSYS的模拟结果进行了定性的分析，通过对ANSYS结果的后处理取得了反分析时需要用到的测温孔理论温度值；经过对测温孔模拟温度值和实测温度值的分析，得到了冻结温度场的等效导热系数；使用等效导热系数对深土冻结温度场进行了求解，模拟了冻结壁发展情况和温度场中的温度变化曲线，用所得结果对比工程实际情况，取得了较好的效果。

Furthermore, using Monte Carlo sampling to generate an expanded training set with a sufficiently large number of cleavable octapeptides significantly reduced the inaccuracy caused by arbitrarily assigning the occurrence frequencies for some low-abundance residues, as treated in the h function method.

进而，使用Monte Carlo采样生成一个可断裂十肽的扩展为大数目试测时，明显地降低了使用h功能法处理时由某些少数残基引发的出现频度不对称性。

At present, psychrometric method is widely used to measure the relative humidity in the flue-cured tobacco chamber. The author discovered that when the temperature in the flue-cured tobacco house was higher than 40℃, the relative humidity value obtained by psychrometric method was different from that measured by the criterion instrument. And the difference is greater when the temperature is higher and the relative humidity is lower.

目前，烤烟房普遍使用干湿球测湿法测量空气相对湿度，作者在验证其测量精度后发现，当烤烟房温度高于40℃以后，采用干湿球法获得的相对湿度值与基准仪器测量得到的相对湿度值相比，有较大差异，当温度较高且相对湿度较低时差异更明显。

The conditions to measure accurately and the principles to select parameters of the multi— probes EST method are proposed, and the theoretical research, computer imitation and the experiment on a machine tool prove that these principles and suggestion are necessary and effective. The influence of the initial value errors of the probes, the installation error of the probes system, and the remaining error caused by the radical error motion are analyzed quantitively on the measurement accuracy of the multi—probes EST method. The influence of the error caused by the probe's axes which is not in a plane and the perpendicularity error of the plane which the probe's axes is in to the stational axis are discussed on the measurement results.

结合理论分析，对这些EST方法进行了计算机仿真分析和研究，重点研究了这些方法的应用条件和误差分离精度，所得出的结论是：三测头法EST基本上能实现各项误差的完全分离，适于在位测量使用；二测头法在恰当地选择测头安装角的条件下，可以得到较高测量精度，适于大型零件圆度、圆柱度、径向圆跳动和全跳动的在位测量；对置两测头时域法可以在一定程度上改善单测头法测量精度，但对随机径向误差无能为力；对置两测头频域法存在严重的谐波损失。

The conventional experimentation method as follow: use copper pole measure method and electricity measure method to test the pressure of chamber of big gun; use electron measure time apparatus and the start-end equipment to test the original velocity.

其传统的试验方法为：利用铜柱测压法和电测压系统来测试炮膛压力；用电子测时仪及区截装置测量初速。

Without measuring the relative angles between objects, the validity of traffic accident on-site sketch is often challenged. In Taiwan, two common measuring methods for drawing a traffic accident on-site sketch: one is trilateration method, and another one is offset method. Both methods have their limits.

现行，常用於绘制交通事故现场图的量测方法有二：一为三定点法，此法常因测线间夹角过大或过小时，使得当测线彼此间的夹角有微小误差时，即造成颇大的位置偏移误差；另一方法为直角坐标法，此法应用在交通事故现场绘制的测量，假设目测标定於基准线与基准线外之测量点的连线成直角，若不为直角时，易造成绘制结果的偏差。

According to the most reliable carbon dating, Newgrange was constructed in 3200 B.C., making it older than the pyramids of Giza.

根据最可靠的碳元素测时法，新庄园建于公元前3200年，故而比吉萨金字塔群还要古老。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。