测度

The essay suggests that the method of estimating coefficient by clustering effect shall be applied in the analysis on service index of railway passenger traffic, then the results and the public information method based on contingency table shall be mutually confirmed to estimates and optimizes the clustering technology.

提出在铁路客运服务指标分析中，采用聚类效果测度系数方法，并将结果与基于列联表的公共信息方法相互印证，评价并优选聚类技术。

The concept of symmetric cross entropy is presented to compensate the shortcoming of the cross entropy in meeting symmetry, and it is a kind of distance measure proved theoretically. Then, a new evaluation model is founded by using the symmetric cross entropy as an evaluation index.

针对其不满足对称性的不足，提出了对称交互熵的概念，并从理论上证明了对称交互熵是一种距离测度，从而建立了以对称交互熵为指标的评估模型。

According to the request of IRB system in NBCA, this paper analyzes the core factors of IRB system, combs and portrays the IRB process adding the step of risk precaution, describes several quantitative methods of risk precaution and compares them, then collets the methods of credit rating, does some deep researches in measurement of PD which are the core contents of IRB system, and does some empirical analysis using EDF model, finally gives the application of the IRB system and draws the chart of credit risk quantization in terms of portfolio theory, wishes to provide beneficial reference for the development and improvement of Chinese commercial banks'IRB system.

本文按照巴塞尔新资本协议中内部评级系统的要求，分析和解读了内部评级系统中的关键要素，梳理并描画了添加风险预警环节后的内部评级流程，分析了风险预警的各种定量方法并进行了比较，然后汇总了信用评级的方法，深入研究了违约概率的测度方法，用EDF模型作了些实证分析，最后归纳整理出了内部评级系统的应用，并描画了基于资产组合的信用风险量化流程图，以期为我国商业银行内部评级系统的发展和完善提供有益的参考。

Then it conies up with the thoughts system of performance management for service enterprises. At last, it analysis the present situation of customer satisfaction with Shijiazhuang Branch of Railway Communication and Information Co.ltd .

本文先后从概念模型研究和度量模型两方面综述了顾客满意的基本理论及测度方法，并介绍了本研究采用的测量模型和评价指标体系；进而阐述了如何用满意度——重要度矩阵结合按相关性的指标分类来对测评结果进行分析；然后，在研究顾客满意与企业绩效的价值关系时，构建了顾客满意测评指标、服务属性和企业活动之间的映射模型；接着提出了绩效管理的基本思想体系；最后，针对铁通石家庄分公司用户满意度状况进行了实例分析。

Consequently, we define and prove the generalized Jarzynski's equalities of in-homogeneous Markov chains and multidimensional diffusions.

更进一步，我们还给出了瞬时熵产生率的测度论定义。

In view of the peaked and fat-tailed characteristics of financial return data distribution and its effect of clustering fluctuation and especially the "leverage effect" of fluctuation on VaR estimates and some efficiencies when estimating VaR with various assumptions of return data distribution,a semi-parameter approach based on EGARCH-VaR model is developed.

在综合考虑了金融收益数据分布的尖峰厚尾特征及其波动集群性，尤其是其波动的&杠杆效应&对VaR估计的影响以及各种假定收益率分布在计算风险价值时存在不足的基础上，提出了基于EGARCH-VaR的半参数方法，并且与正态分布和t分布假设下的GARCH模型的VaR计量方法进行比较，通过实证分析，并利用后验测试，表明基于EGARCH-VaR的半参数方法对风险价值的测度优于正态分布和t分布假设下GARCH模型的VaR计量方法。

The upper bound of error probability is used as the criteria of clustering and the evaluation of the clustering result. On the basis of initiatory clustering based on distance functions, the algorithms named"pick-over"and"fill-up"are proposed to minimize the upper bound of error probability.

我们将聚类准则即模式相似性测度问题和聚类结果的评价指标统一为总的最小错误概率上界，在算法实现上，首先先用基于距离函数的聚类方法得到初分类，然后采用基于最小错误概率的&抽取&和&回填&算法得到使总的错误概率上界最小的聚类结果的分析方法。

This invariant relationship provides an exactly statistical interpretation forwhy the stochastic noise in gene expression should be measured by the normalizedvarianceσ

这个恒等式从统计上准确解释了，基因表达中要用标准化方差(σ2/ n 2，即方差除以期望的平方)作为基因表达随机噪声大小的测度而不是Fano factor的原因是，标准化方差揭示了基因表达中随机性和系统大小之间的本质联系。

Based on multiresolution analysis, the definition of wavelet high central moments and high mix central moments are put forward by us. Further more, methods for calculating Betas, Gammas and Thetas and multiresolution CAPM are established also.

利用小波多分辨分析的特点，给出了小波高阶中心矩和高阶混合中心矩的定义，基于此给出了多分辨系统风险测度Beta、Gamma、Theta的计算方法和多分辨CAPM。

We also get the exact packing measure for a class of generalized Sierpinski gaskets by means of this principle.

作为该方法的应用，得到了一类广义Sierpinski垫片的填充测度的准确值。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。