测度

Based on these questions,as well as the new challenge which proposed to the existed data and indicators derive from the enterprise strategy alliance,this paper proposed that in the spatial measurement of innovation,we must consider the multi-dimensional economy,the society and the political background in which the innovation o...

基于这些问题以及企业战略联盟的出现对现有数据及指标提出的新挑战，提出在创新的空间测度中，要考虑到创新发生的多维经济、社会和政治背景，并结合学习型区域的概念来构建新的分析框架。

Under this framework, many risk measure technologies are established, one of which is the spectral risk measure.

谱风险测度的概念根源于ES的思想，是Expected Shortfall的一种推广。

At the same time, the spectral risk measure is one kind of coherent risk measures. The spectral risk measure combines the distribution of profit and loss with the subjective risk aversion from the investors.

谱风险测度将资产组合损益分布的具体形状和投资者的主观风险厌恶相结合，为合理有效地度量金融风险提供了一种可能的选择。

Given a stochastic term structure of default-free interest rates and a stochastic maturity specific credit-risk spread, the arbitrage free swap values can then be priced under domestic martingale measure.

经由给定无违约风险的期间利率结构，以及随机到期的特定信用风险补偿，得到在平赌测度下的无套利交换价值。

But while fundamental fans squabble over which measures to use, their whole ethos has come under attack.

但是当基本面支持者就哪种测度可以使用时，对他们的回应完全都是攻击。

ABSTRACT Using statistical estimate to monitor regional economic development has proved a vital and difficult problem in the study of regional economy.

区域经济协调发展统计测度问题既是区域经济研究中的一个重点问题，也是一个难点问题。

Smooth regional economic development and the use of scientific statistical estimate methods at provincial level will have direct influences on coordinated economic development in the nation.

省级区域经济协调发展是否顺利，统计测度方法是否科学、客观和准确，直接影响到全国大区域的经济协调发展。

In this chapter, the author has, according to the regional economic reality in Guangdong, made statistical estimate and practical analysis on the regional economic development in a single province and put forward suggestions and countermeasures that might facilitate coordinated regional economic development in Guangdong Province.

作者从广东区域经济的实例出发，对一个省级的区域经济协调发展情况进行统计测度和具体分析，根据广东的实际问题，提出广东区域经济协调发展的若干对策措施。

The first chapter, the Introduction, will make a description with five case studies on the use and misuse of statistical estimate methods in the regional economic studies, in order to reveal the objective, significance and necessity of this dissertation, and also, the basic structure of the conducted research.

作者首先从5个具体实例着手，描述统计测度方法在区域经济研究中的应用和误用，阐明撰写本文的目的、意义、必要性和全文研究的基本框架。

New properties and improvements on VSI. Combining the density processof local absolute continuous measure, properties of the martingale space H1 and semi-martingale space, and the closed image theorem of functional analysis (see the proofs ofTheorem 2.4.5 and Theorem 2.4.10), we obtain the general form of Girsanov Theorem forsemi-martingale vector stochastic integral .

特别是利用局部绝对连续测度的密度过程、鞅空间H1与半鞅空间的性质以及泛函分析中的闭图像定理(见定理2.4.5与定理2.4.10的证明)获得了一般形式的半鞅向(来源：Ab6BC论a1文网www.abclunwen.com)量随机积分的Girsa-nov定理，它对于随机分析的理论与随机积分的应用都具有重要价值。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。