测度

In contrast, Pigou not only wrote the classic study of welfare economics, but he also pioneered the measurement of economic inequality as a major indicator for economic assessment and policy.

相反，庇古不仅写出了经济的福利经济学研究，而且，他还首创了将经济不平等的测度，作为经济评估和经济政策的一个主要指标。

It can be used as a pause or a colon: very handy for spinning out a mere anecdote into a playlet that's full of parody and speculation.

这个词可以作为停顿或冒号：将一件小事渲染成充斥着滑稽仿照和测度的短剧时，这个词用起来很方便。

The main results are:(1) the L1 boundedness of the Cesaro means operator of the harmonic expansions on the unit sphere with reflection-invariant measures is proved, and the characterization of the convergence index is given; for the points not in the planes with singularities, the pointwise convergence is also proved; these results are the generalizations of those both for the classical spherical harmonic expansions and for the Jacobi expansions;(2) Using the differential-reflection operators of Dunkl type, the uncertainty principle of a class of Sturm-Liouville operators is established, and as consequences, the uncertainty principles of some well-known classical orthogonal expansions such as Jacobi, Hermite and Laguerre expansions are obtained;(3) by introducing the Cauchy-Riemann equations in terms of the differential-reflection operators of two variables, the harmonic analysis of the extended Jacobi expansions is studied; the results include the Lp boundedness and the weak-L1 boundedness of the conjugate extended Jacobi expansions; specially, for some indexes p smaller than 1, the basic theory of the related Hardy spaces is established.

主要成果有：（1）证明了带有反射不变测度的球面调和展开蔡沙罗平均算子的L1有界性，给出了收敛指标的特征刻划，对不在奇性平面上的点，还证明了点态收敛性，这些成果同时推广了经典球面调和展开和雅可比展开的结果；（2）利用Dunkl型的微分-反射算子建立了一类斯特姆-刘威尔算子的测不准原理，并由此得到一些著名的经典正交展开如雅克比展开、赫米特展开和拉盖尔展开的测不准原理；（3）利用由两个变量的微分-反射算子定义的柯西-黎曼方程组来研究扩展雅克比展开的调和分析，证明了共轭扩展雅克比展开的Lp有界性和弱L1有界性，特别是对小于1的一些指标p，建立了相应的哈代空间的基本理论。

The process of information ex- trnct was corresponding to measure in physics,the method of positive operator valued measure found a compact and graceful means by mathematics,but it was hard to expressive the physical meaning.

信息的提取过程所对应的就是物理上的测量，正算符取值测度尽管在数学上找到了一个极其简洁优美的方法来解决该类问题，但在表现物理意义方面有所欠缺。

The distance of preference relation based on lattice order is defined, and the distance between binary relations are calculated.

针对决策者具有格序偏好结构的群决策问题，提出了一种基于偏好距离测度的群决策方法。

Statistical methods based on the idea of probability as a measure of uncertainty.

社会科学贝叶斯统计：概率作为不确定性的测度的统计方法。

By using Time-Risk Discount method, it is possible to price general assets under real probability measure, and the price expression is given.

利用时间－风险折现方法实现了风险资产在实际测度下的定价，并给出其具体的价格表达式。

Based on this memory function, a random probability measure φ_n on K_n is defined.

基于这个记忆函数，我们定义了K_n上的随机概率测度φ_n。

The definition of fuzzy subset s entropy of fmity collection is proposed according to the definition of fuzzy event and its probability measure.

通过对模糊事件及其概率测度的定义引出有限集上模糊子集熵的概念。

The method based on probability measure is sensitive to noises, but after filtration noise, segmentation effect is greater for the images whose pixels vary comparatively great and very complicated.

基于概率测度的方法对噪声比较敏感，但是在滤过噪声时对图像象素大小变化比较大、比较复杂的图像有较好的分割效果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。