测度

And with these results, I delve further into the theoretical issues of MSP and the concentration is on a special class of MSP-Doob skeleton processes. Generalized limit distribution, limit distribution of these processes and conditions and the expressions for the existence of invariable measure of such processes are provided. Finally, these new results are then applied to queueing theory, reliability theory and inventory theory. A detailed study of GI/G/1 queuing model, parallel connection system model, water reservoir model and perishable inventory model is discussed. These models have already been investigated to some degree. In particular, as mentioned above, some scholars have already successfully applied the transient behavior theory of MSP to these models and transient distributions of main variables in such models have been obtained. However, the limit behavior has not been addressed. In this thesis, limit behavior of main variables in the above-mentioned models is established.

在这个基础上，对马尔可夫骨架过程的理论进一步进行了探讨，将注意力集中于一类特殊的马尔可夫骨架过程Doob骨架过程，给出了这类过程的广义极限分布、极限分布以及不变测度存在性条件和表达式，并应用这些结论于排队论、可靠性理论和存储论等领域-具体分析了GI/G/1排队论系统模型、并联系统模型、水库储水模型、易腐烂物品库存模型——这些模型都不同程度地被许多学者研究过，特别，如前面提及，已有人成功地应用马尔可夫骨架过程的瞬时性态理论，获得了上述各模型中的主要参量过程的瞬时分布，但是，却并没有探讨它们的极限性态——建立了若干关于上述各模犁的主要参量过程的极限性态的结果。

In this study,a novel artificial immune system algorithm for unsupervised classification and recognition is proposed by using a novel manifold distance based dissimilarity measure which can measure the geodesic distance along the manifold.

将一种新的流形距离作为相似性度量测度，提出了一种用于无监督分类与识别的人工免疫系统方法。

In this study, a novel artificial immune system algorithm for unsupervised classification and recognition is proposed by using a novel manifold distance based dissimilarity measure which can measure the geodesic distance along the manifold.

摘要将一种新的流形距离作为相似性度量测度，提出了一种用于无监督分类与识别的人工免疫系统方法。通过基于流形距离的相似性度量，有效利用样本集固有的全局一致性信息，充分挖掘无类属样本的空间分布信息，对样本进行类别划分。

Using martingale methods, and choosing the stock as numeraire asset and corresponding equivalent martingale measure, the author gets the simple pricing formula by the Asian option in the case of geometric average.

主要研究了股票价格过程由几何Lévy过程驱动的亚式期权的定价问题，利用鞅方法，选择股票作为计价单位及相应的等价鞅测度给出了几何平均亚式期权简单的定价公式。

Some problems in geometric probability require more tools other than intersection measures. For instance, solutions to the Buffon needle problem of lattices need to compute the containment measure.

然而，几何概率中一些问题需要更多的工具，例如，在解决区域格的Buffon投针问题时，需要计算出包含测度。

The author put forth the H function,which is capable of measuring the distributive characteristics of a two dimension discrete point set in a square,and derives its analytical expression theoretically based on geometric probability.

作者以几何概率为理论基础，提出测度正方形区域内2维离散点集分布特征的H函数并推导其解析表达式，运用H函数设计和实现了集聚型2维离散点集结构信息提取的通用算法。

Moreover, with the new distance NGNC can deal with noises or outliers better than GNC and fuzzy c-means.

并且，建立在新的距离测度上的NGNC在处理噪声和野值方面比GNC和FCM更好。

Accordingly, there are four corresponding strategies: reform, improvement, gradualness and guidance. In conclusion, this paper offers a new kind of effective way for the enterprise to measure ERP implementation capability and choose implementation strategy.

据此提出了变革式、改良式、渐进式和引导式的不同实施策略，为企业测度ERP实施能力及选择实施策略提供了一种新的有效途径。

With the operator language introduced by Baaj and Skandalis, we shall discuss the existence of Haar measure. on a C*-algebra in this paper.

采用法国数学家 Baaj 和 Skandalis 引进的算子语言讨论了C*－双代数中的 Haar 测度的存在性。

In this thesis, we first consider the upper bound estimation of the Hausdorff measure for the self-similar sets.

在本文中，我们首先考虑自相似集的Hausdorff测度的上界估计方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。