测差

The work principle of differential transformer was introduced in the paper, and the influence of power supply frequency on output characteristic of differential transformer was analyzed in theory calculating the equivalent circuit under the ideal state, and the experiment was done.

引言差动变压器式传感器是根据变压器的基本原理，把被测的非电量变化转换为线圈互感变化的传感器。在非电量测量中，应用最多的是三节式螺线管差动变压器。

To determine the resistance, the difference between the two resulting voltages is divided by the difference of the two test currents

为了确定电阻，可用测得的电压差除以两个电流之差

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

This paper introduced the use of differential pressure meters which use a double cone as the primary differential pressure producer. Its typical structure helps the V-cone flow meter have strong ability of flow adjustment, and operate with good accuracy at low DP's.

差压式V锥流量计独特的结构使其具有较强的流动调整能力，可测湿气体，能在低差压下测量煤层气等显著优点，已在美国的煤层气工业开采中得到了大量的应用。

Main contents of the thesis include point and edge extraction based on least-squares template matching; space circle template matching and reconstruction; outlier detection and elimination with fundamental matrix and trifocal tensor; improvement of Homography-based calibration technique, 2D-DLT and bundle adjustment based non-metric camera calibration technique with planar-scenes, point-line hybrid photogrammetry and visual inspection.

本文的主要研究内容包括影像格网点与直线段的自动最小二乘模板匹配；基于物方直接解的空间圆匹配与重建；利用基本矩阵和三视张量进行观测值粗差的剔除；同形矩阵摄像机标定算法的改进；基于二维 DLT 和光束法平差的非量测数字摄像机标定；点、线混合摄影测量模型与视觉检测精度分析等。

A sample of 480 Chinese adolescents and 115 juvie aged 13-18 was investigated with series of Chinese transitions of measures, including the revised Ego Identity Status Questionnaire(EOMEIS-2) and Adolescent's Social Adaptive Behaviors Questionnaire. Results indica ted:1. For the adolescents, the distributions of ego identity statuses, whether in the ideological, interpersonal or total domain, are unbalanced.

首先，通过问卷预测，对问卷进行修订和信效度的检验，再以修订后的问卷正式施测，然后运用卡方检验和方差分析探讨同一性状态和社会适应性行为的发展特征，最后通过方差分析考察同一性状态和社会适应性行为的各个层面的关系。

The four different ERH/EMC models including the Henderson, Chung-Pfost, modified Halsey and Oswin equations were respectively used to investigate the fitting agreement of the measured data. Based on the comparison of the residual distributions, the coefficient of determination R2 values, the residual sum of squares SSE values, and the mean relative percentage deviation P values obtained from the regression analysis of six temperatures 20、30、35、40、50 and 60 ℃ tests, the Oswin model with two parameters and the modified Oswin model with three parameters all had the equivalent representative to the prediction of ERH/EMC values for the samples of lemon balm, and was also the best predicting models for the desorption isotherms of lemon balm.

试验时分别以四种平衡含水率模式，即Henderson、Chung-Pfost、修正Halsey与Oswin方程式，经由量测数据适称性之探讨，综合回归分析之残差图及决定系数R2值、残差平方和SSE值与平均相对偏差百分比P值比较后，获致在六个温阶20、30、35、40、50与60 ℃下，Oswin二参数模式与修正Oswin三参数模式皆具有相等的之平衡含水率与平衡相对湿度之适用代表性，可作为香蜂草去湿平衡含水率之最佳预测模式。

When some parameters undergo the nonlinearity model, this algorithm can exactly present the posterior distribution, which is able to make full use of sensor measurement message every time, and optimize measurement variance.

按实际的非线性模型演化时，该算法能够很好地对非线性函数的后验均值与方差进行拟合，并充分利用了传感器每次量测带来的信息并进一步优化了测量方差。

The first type is the scanner signature files that provides a Kodak, Agfa or Fuji company's standard quadrochromatic and the quadrochromatic standard data, use of scanner input these quadrochromatic, scan data and the difference between the standard quadrochromatic data reflects the scanner's properties; the second is the display characteristics of the file, which provides software that you can detect your display's color temperature, and then generate a color swatch on the screen, these swatches of information reflects the characteristics of the display; and the third being the print device signature files, it also provides a suite of software, the software in a computer-generated that contains hundreds of color swatch in the graphic, and then the graphic output on the output device, if it is a printer, printing press with respect to direct proof in respect of the first film, proofing and printing, the image on the output measure that is a reflection of the print device's characteristics file information.

第一类是扫描仪特征文件，它供应了柯达、爱克发、富士公司的尺度草稿及这些草稿的尺度数据，诳骗扫描仪不输不入这些草稿，扫描数据与尺度草稿数据的差值反响了扫描仪的共性；第二类是表现器的特征文件，它供应了一些软件，可测不入表现器的色温，然后在屏幕上天生一色块，这些色块新闻反响不入了表现器的特征；第不一类为打印摆设的特征文件，它也供应了一套软件，该软件在计算机洋天生一个含有数百个色块的图形，然后不兵图形在输不入摆设上输不入，如果是打印机不离间接打样，印刷机不离不后不入胶片、打样再印刷，差这些输不入的图像举行丈度即反响不入打印摆设的特征文件新闻。

This paper in troduces the whole process and some techniques for underwater topography and sludge thickness surveying of Shuiguo Lake, done by GPS Receiver and dual frequency digital Echo Sounder. Its results offer reliable information for Shuiguo Lake's improvement.

阐述了采用GPS接收机和双频数字测深仪，以伪距差分实时定位测量模式施测水果湖水下地形和淤泥厚度的全过程和若干技术问题，所得结果对水果湖的治理提供了可靠的资料，指出了武汉市湖泊治理的迫切性。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。