测向

With the emgergence of new theories and technologies in photogrammetry, the production mode in the phtogrammetry has completed the transformation from the analytical mapping to the digital mapping gradually.

随着摄影测量新理论新技术的发展，摄影测量的生产方式已逐渐完成由解析测图向数字测图方式的转变；同时新时期军事测绘保障对数字图的依赖性越来越强。

The angle θ could be obtained by calculating the arc tangent of the signal ratio Vx/Vy through the interface circuit and PC processor.

当与被测转角θ的物件轴向相连的径向永久磁铁转动时，传感器给出了相对于被测角度的两种信号电压，通过接口电路和PC机组成的非接触式测量系统把信号转换为转角θ。

Patented TESA optical reading system.- Delta for the X-axis-thus guaranteeing excellent stability.- TESA REFLEX application software The reference in terms of simplicity and reliability.- Ergonomic design The successful conclusion of an in depth study.- 22 air bearings to ensure a frictionless motion of the three axes.- Choice of two probes TESASTAR with adjustable triggering force or TESASTAR-I indexable probe.- Flexibility TESA MICRO-HITE 3D_F can be supplied with fine adjustment device. By adding a CCD camera, it can be converted into a true optical measuring system for non-contact measurement. II.

主要特征KEY FEATURES：-获得专利的TESA光学读数头系统- X向横梁三角形状结构，具有很好的稳定性- REFLEX测量软件，操作简单，运行可靠-符合人机工程要求的设计经过深入研究获得的结论- 22个空气轴承保证了三轴无摩擦的运动-两种测头可供选择 TESASTAR，触测力可调，TESASTAR-i机械分度式-柔性 TESA MICRO-HITE 3D_F配置精密调节设备，如CCD摄像头，可改造成光学测量系统，作为非接触测量使用。

An implementation for round object detector in the image by using the inner product detection methodology is proposed.

本文的目的是以向内积侦测演算法实现影像图片中圆形物体的侦测。

The theoretical and computational results show that an important reason resulting in eccentric wear of the inner cylinder and the pumping rod lies in the nonuniformity of the stress distribution on the outwall of the inner cylinder which yields excentralization effect of the pumping rod when swabbing fluid flows in eccentric annuli with the pumping rod moving axially in a well.

在实验上，通过不同重量百分比浓度的HPAM水溶液在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流实验，把由理论公式算得的时间平均流量与实验中测得的时间平均流量做了比较，验证了本文数值计算幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流方法的正确性；上述的理论与计算表明，抽油机井杆管偏磨的一个重要原因是，在聚驱工况下，抽汲液体在抽油杆做轴向运动的井筒中流动时，抽汲液体作用在抽油杆外壁上的压力分布的不均匀性所引起的抽油杆在井筒中的偏心效应。

The tidal river discharge observing system of this thesis gives a new method and experience of the hydrology observing to the river reach and cross section with complicated landform and flow, or busy shipping. This system has achieved 3 innovations: instruments for measurements which use the unmechanized rotor and continue measuring ADCP as the velocity mainframe; methods of velocity measurement which change the vertical velocity measurement to horizontal velocity measurement; the tidal discharge measurement which solve the problem that current method of discharge measurement can not achieve the accuracy of the criterion according to the continuous real time observing over the velocity of flow.

本论文研究的感潮河流流量监测系统，具有测验设备的创新，用可连续测验的非机械转子式的声学多普勒流速剖面仪为测速主机；流速测验方式的创新，改变以往测取垂向流速为水平流速的方式；潮流量测验方式的创新，对流速进行连续实时的监测，解决了用现行测流方法达不到规范要求精度的问题；为地形、水流复杂或是航运频繁的测验河段和断面，提供水文监测的新方法、方式和经验。

It can implement different path construction and deviation correction of the mole through applying a steering torque to the mole to change its working configuration and the orientation of the steering head slant face and make the mole advance according to the predetermined path. In this paper, Fussy Control is selected as the method of controlling the construction path of the mole and a set of detailed control strategy is established.

此外，针对气动冲击式轨迹可控穿孔机的施工特点，还专门设计了微型化和抗冲击的定位测量系统，以实现在施工过程中对穿孔机的监测，其测得的穿孔机实际运行轨迹用于和设计轨迹进行比较，作为对穿孔机施工轨迹进行控制的依据；以及由控向机构和挠性杆组成的控向系统，其作用是通过施加控向扭矩于穿孔机来改变穿孔机的工作模式及导向穿孔头斜面的朝向，从而实现不同性质轨迹施工和偏离修正，保证穿孔机尽可能按照设计轨迹进行施工。

What's more, a special locating and measuring equipment is designed according to the characteristics of the pneumatic percussive steerable mole, which is minisized and able to stand strong impact. By using it, the mole can be monitored during construction. By comparing the actual path to the predetermined path, the construction path of the mole can be controlled. The steering equipment comprises a steering tool and flexible pipes. It can implement different path construction and deviation correction of the mole through applying a steering torque to the mole to change its working configuration and the orientation of the steering head slant face and make the mole advance according to the predetermined path.

此外，针对气动冲击式轨迹可控穿孔机的施工特点，还专门设计了微型化和抗冲击的定位测量系统，以实现在施工过程中对穿孔机的监测，其测得的穿孔机实际运行轨迹用于和设计轨迹进行比较，作为对穿孔机施工轨迹进行控制的依据；以及由控向机构和挠性杆组成的控向系统，其作用是通过施加控向扭矩于穿孔机来改变穿孔机的工作模式及导向穿孔头斜面的朝向，从而实现不同性质轨迹施工和偏离修正，保证穿孔机尽可能按照设计轨迹进行施工。

The flow parameters, which controlled the heat transfer phenomena in the coolant channel of the piston, are identified; the experimental facilities and program will be established in accordance with the parametric conditions experienced by a real marine diesel engine. The experimental result for the flow within smooth-walled duct under the reciprocating motion will be used as the reference datum to assess the results for the study of heat transfer augmentation. As an attempt to enhance the cooling performance, the ribs will be installed in the coolant channels which flow was orthogonal mode for the piston moving direction. Finally, the results obtained for the tests with heat transfer augmentation devices will be compared with the smooth-walled test results.

本研究计画利用座标转换理论，对受到与往复运动正交方向之流场进行参数分析，建立控制此流场热传性能之参数后，模拟实际船舶主机运转时活塞之冷却情形并进行实验量测，作为评估活塞冷却之基准，然后应用现行已实用於工业界的技术，在与往复运动正交方向之圆形冷却通道中加装凸起物以增加热传效能并予以测量其热传系数及其相关之物理现象，据以讨论此流场受往复力之影响，在周向不同位置之热传情形以及其与平行於往复运动方向之流场的差异。

According to the permeability test and self-mastery "L" type model test, the coefficients of permeability in horizontal and vertical direction at different degree of compactions were obtained. Based on the Darcy law, calculating formula for the model was deduced.

通过室内渗透试验、自制&L&型相关模型试验测得在不同压实度下水平向和垂直向的渗透系数，并根据达西定律等相关理论推倒出适用于该模型的计算公式，得到水平向和垂直向渗透系数随着压实度的增加逐渐减小，验证了该方法测定渗透系数的可行性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。