测向

Comprehensively making use of the basic theory, such as Space Analytic Geometry, Gear Meshing Engagement Theory, Method of Mathematical Calculation, Theory for Error Analyzing and Data Processing, the author has established the mathematical models of the new method, which has included the analytic mathematical model for precision orientation, the mathematical model for the ball's diameter and the measuring diameter, the mathematical model about the ball's centre, the calculation model for tooth alignment diviations and the model for tooth alignment error evaluation.

本文综合应用空间解析几何学、啮合原理、计算方法、误差理论与数据处理等有关基础理论，推导建立了新方法的数学模型，包括：确定定位关系的解析法数学模型，测球直径与测量半径的数学模型，测球球心的数学模型，齿向偏差的计算模型以及齿向误差的评定数学模型等。

It is concluded that the precision of these points is attenuated equidistantly as concentric circles. Its center is the weighted average of the coordinates of known points with the radius determined by the precision, the quantity and the distribution of known points. The precision of station points is almost independent of intersection angle, and the precision of known points is almost independent of station point. In some circumstance, the detail points may be more precise.

对测站精度、细部点精度分布规律进行了分析，结果表明：测站精度和细部点精度均呈同心圆向外衰减，圆中心在已知点的加权平均中心上，半径决定于已知点的精度、数量与分布；测站精度与测站的交会角几乎没有关系，细部点精度与测站的位置几乎无关，且可能高于测站精度。

The program developed with the formula enable the coordinates for points and the parametric formula for curves in the orthographic projection to be transferred into ones in the axonometric projection, which can be directly displayed on the screen. In addition, except for assigned different values to elastic coefficient of the axial direction and the angles of the axes, it is generally adapted in drawing any of the axonometric projections.

用它编程，可以把正投影中点的坐标或曲线的参数方程，转换成屏幕上能够直接显示点的轴测投影的坐标或曲线的轴测投影的参数方程，而且除了赋轴向伸缩系数和轴间角的大小、正负不同的参数值外，对绘任一种轴测投影和相应正投影都具有通用性。

A measurement system control and data processing software is composed with 4 modules, namely, parameters setup module, sampling control module, data processing module, and 3D display module which can illustrate the 3D profile of the inside surface of barrels with normal axonometric projection and cabinet drawing.

该软件分为参数设置模块、采样控制模块、数据处理模块和三维表面显示模块，可实现采样过程的动态显示，并能以正等测和斜二等测两种投影方式向用户展示被测表面的三维形貌。

When the axonometry projection plane is parallel to a coordinate axis, and the coefficient of axial deformation of two axes that parallel to the coordinate plane are equal, the cabinet axonometry is produced.

轴测投影面平行于一个坐标轴，且平行于坐标平面的那两个轴的轴向伸缩系数相等的斜轴测投影称为斜二等轴测图。

The study suggest:(1) The observation of satellites in root tip and multiplex PCR makers could accurately identify the homozygous and the heterozygosis of 1BL/1RS translocation.(2) Through the restoring degree we could confirm the success of the transfer. The combination of the restoring degree and the agronomy property could increase the efficiency of practical application.(3) This study proposed the transformation from the physiological male sterile to the genetic male sterile, and then establish a method of utilize the strong superiority crosses.

其中复合引物PCR更适合于回交后代中大量目标种子的筛选；(2)恢复基因转育后代定株与不育系测交，依据测交恢复度可准确确定恢复基因在回交后代的延续，恢复基因定株定向转育与性状选择结合可大大提高转育后代的实际应用效果；(3)本研究提出的粘类小麦雄性不育恢复基因Rfv1定向转育体系，可有效地实现小麦由化控强优势组合向三系强优势组合的定向转化，即生理型不育途径向遗传型不育途径的定向转化，进而建拓一套杂交小麦强优势组合多途径利用新体系。

With the vertical time sequence results computed by the monitoring data (until Aug, 2008) from 28 GPS stations of continuous observation in Tianjin and Beijing Area, the paper analyzes the variation characteristics of vertical component of each GPS continuous stations, calculates the vertical movement velocity of GPS stations in Tianjin and Beijing Area of 2007~2008, compares with the vertical deformation velocity calculated by leveling of 2007-2008 in Capital Circle Area; Furthermore, searches GPS stations nearby the leveling route, corresponding to the first and second leveling time period, calculates the section plane of GPS route, analyzes and compares the section results of GPS and leveling of 2 time periods.

利用北京和天津地区的28个GPS连续观测站资料（资料截至2008年8月）计算得到的垂直向时序结果，分析各个GPS连续观测站垂向分量的变化特征，计算得到2007~2008年北京天津地区GPS站垂直运动速率，并与水准测量计算得到的2007~2008首都圈地区垂直形变速率进行比较；通过寻找水准测量路线附近的GPS站点，相应于水准的初测和复测时段，计算得到GPS路线剖面图，将GPS与水准2个时段的剖面结果进行对比分析。

In this paper the course of development from dotted to lined and plane sounding technique is reviewed and the recent application of side scan sonar and laser to the bathymetry as well as its limitation is discussed.

本文回顾了航海测深技术从点测深向线和而状测深的发展过程，探讨了当前旁测声纳和激光在海洋测深方面的应用及其局限性。

The method is as follows that the two ends of a nanometer are fixed on two pivots and an axial micro-pulling force T is applied on the nanometer; an electrode is arranged on the middle part of the side of the nanometer and an alternate voltage is applied on the electrode to motivate the nanometer to generate resonance, and therefore, the natural frequency f of the nanometer is measured and acquired; according to the material characteristics and the geometry characteristics of the nanometer as well as the boundary condition of the nanometer material, the relation between the natural frequency and the axial pulling force of the nanometer, namely the f-t curves of the nanometer, can be calculated by a vibration equation; according to the measured natural frequency f, the size of the micro-pulling force T can be acquired.

该方法将一根纳米材料的两端固定在两个支点上，给纳米材料施加一个轴向的微小拉力T；在纳米材料的侧面，位于该纳米材料的中部放置一个电极，在电极上施加一个交变的电压激励纳米材料使其发生共振，测得纳米材料的固有频率f；根据纳米材料的材料特性和几何特征以及纳米材料的边界条件，由振动方程计算出该纳米材料的固有频率与所受的轴向拉力的关系，即纳米材料的f-T曲线；根据上述测得的固有频率f，得到微小拉力T的大小。

Discusses mainly how to test and record the data of standard signal and antenna pattern during the research and manufacture process of reconnaissance plane under the electro-scan constant difference am plitude comparison direction-finding integrated system.

主要讨论了在电扫描恒差比幅测向体制侦察机的研制生产过程中，如何对标准信号、天线方向图的数据进行自动定制。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新