测光法

In addition, I did basic experiment including seeking the equivalent dose with the single piece to do a few samples; demarcated the eradiate system of laboratory and proceeded the system mark settles, computing the Dose Rate of source.

此外，对释光测年做了大量基础实验工作，做了单片剂量法求取样品的等效剂量，并计算了几个相应的年龄数据；对实验室的辐照系统进行了系统标定，计算出了实验室辐照源的辐照剂量率。

The negative feedback method of reference light stabilized the gleamy intension of lamp-house,and thus eliminated excursion and improved measure precision.

基于光电转换原理，采用分光技术产生正比于被测细丝直径的差动电压，将差动电压放大并测量即可测出细丝直径；采用参考光负反馈法稳定光源的发光强度，从而消除漂移，提高测量精度。

These compounds are of substantial interest both inviewpoints of theory and practical applications, mainlyunder the stimulus to achieve synthetic models either foractive sites of iron-sulfur proteins or for transitionmetal catalysts. This thesis describes the synthesis, structures andconformations of 51 new iron-sulfur cluster complexes,which have been characterized by elemental analysis andstandard spectroscopic methods. In addition, single-crystalX-ray diffraction analyses were performed for 4 representa-tive new compounds. Reactivities of μ-〓 with mono- and di- Grig-nard reagents derived intermediates toward various organicelectrophilic substrates were studied, along with complexa-tion of arynyl-containing iron-sulfur clusters by 〓Thus, several bridged, non-bridged, monomeric, dimeric,homonuclear, heteronuclear iron-sullfur and iron-sulfur co-balt-carbon cluster complexes were synthesized. A novelreaction and convenient route for the synthesis in highyield of tetranuclear iron complexes 〓 containing atetracoordinated sulfur atom was discovered, whereas aplausible mechanism based on experimental results was propo-sed for the formation of the new cluster type.

鉴于有机铁硫原子簇化学在基础理论发展和应用方面的重要意义，因此我们开展了这一课题的研究，并取得以下主要成果： 1、本文共合成了51个新有机铁硫及含钴碳簇基的有机铁硫原子簇配合物，除用元素分析，NMR，IR，MS法表征其结构和构象外，还用X-光衍射技术测得四个代表性配合物的单晶结构和构象； 2、我们业已发现炔基Grignard试剂同〓可形成一种&开环&与&闭环&中间物的平衡混合物，研究该平衡混合物同各种亲电试剂的反应； 3、研究发现了一种可高产率地形成〓含〓四配位硫挛合簇的新化学反应并对此反应提出了—种有趣的反应机理； 4、首次由1，4-二溴丁烷双Grignard试剂与〓制得一种新型铁硫簇双硫阴离子活性中间体，并进而研究了它的亲核反应性能； 5、找到了通过〓的光化学反应来合成簇合物〓-〓的一条有实用价值的新路线。

According to the need in evaluation of the crack in structure, the author of this paper developed a new system based of photoelastic mechanics and digital image proccessing , which is specialy used to measure the length and width of crack.

本文针对工程结构开裂评估的需求，运用光测力学原理与近年间迅速发展起来的图像处理新技术，研究开发了一套&像素法&裂纹长度和宽度参数测定的新系统。

The sizes of the self-assembly micelles of the amphiphilic block copolymers and the effects werestudied by dynamic light scattering and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The micelle sizes werelargely influenced bythe hydrophobic chain content in the copolymer, the properties of the solvent and the copolymer concentration in the organic phase. The morphology of the micelles was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Theresults showed that the micelles appeared spheres with inner core and outer shell. The critical association concentrations were determined by pyrene monomer fluorescence probe technology. The degradability of copolymer was studied by the loss of the intrinsic viscosity in the degradation process. The results indicated that the degradation rate of PECL was slower thanthat of PELLA and PEDLLA. The stability of the copolymer micelle dispersion was examined by measuring the critical flocculation concentration, which gradually decreased with increasing the content of thehydrophobic chain in the copolymer. The rheological results showed thatthe viscosity ofthe micelle dispersion with higher content of PEG segments was firstly decreased and then increased with the increasingthe temperature. Otherwise, the variation of viscosity was irregular. The viscosity of the micelle dispersion increased with the increase of the electrolyte (Na 2SO 4) concentrations. Polymer micelles paclitaxel was prepared by self-emulsification/solvent evaporation method and solid dispersion technique with amphiphilic block polymers as the carrier material.

运用动态光散射和紫外分光光度计研究了两亲性嵌段共聚物自组装胶束的粒径及其影响因素，结果表明，自组装胶束的形成机理受制备方式的控制，胶束的粒径随着共聚物相对分子质量或疏水嵌段相对分子质量和有机相中共聚物浓度的增大而增大，随着有机溶剂的水溶性的增强而减小；采用透射电镜观察胶束的形态结构，发现胶束呈具有核壳结构的均匀球形；采用芘荧光探针法测两亲性嵌段共聚物的临界聚集浓度；通过降解过程中共聚物特性粘度的变化研究两亲性共聚物的降解性能，发现与PELLA和PEDLLA的相比，PECL 降解速率较慢；随着共聚物中疏水嵌段含量的增大，纳米分散液的稳定性逐渐下降；PEG含量高的PEDLLA纳米分散液随着温度的升高，纳米分散液的粘度先下降然后增大，反之，没有规律性，且随着电解质Na 2SO 4浓度的增大，体系粘度增大。

This paper proposed a new reflection method in micro-friction testing , including its design principles, structure of micro-force sensor, demarcating method of the apparatus.

给出了一种基于光反射法的微摩擦测试仪的设计方法，介绍了该仪器的设计原理、测力传感器的结构设计、仪器的标定方法。

The ionization constant of aesculin was determined to be pKa= 6.82 by UV absorption method.

通过吸光光度法测得秦皮甲素的解离常数pKa=6.82。

The plasma ignition threshold of metal is got through experimental and numerical study. The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air .

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值210倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q－YAG激光器（波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns），靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随著波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

The ionization constant of aesculetin was determined to be pKa1= 5.31 by UV absorption method.

通过吸光光度法测得秦皮乙素的一级解离常数pKa1=5.31。

An approximate analytical approach, which can be used to analyze the optical characteristics of metal-clad step or graded index waveguides in near cutoff, is presented at first. The mode propagation characteristics of metal-clad step index waveguides in near cutoff are comprehensively analyzed.

GaAs/GaAlAs异质结光波导材料是目前集成光学中的重要材料，本论文在系统介绍外延生长技术的基础上，利用普通的液相外延炉，成功地生长出可用于光波导器件制作的、表面较光滑并具有较大面积（14×16mm〓）的GaAs/GaAlAs异质结光波导材料，C-V法测得波导层载流子浓度为2—4×10〓cm〓，Al-Schottky接触的反向电压大于20伏，平板波导和脊波导通光实验良好。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。