流量测定

The critical flow rates of sand grains with different size migrated from the sandcarrying pipe with different angle of inclination were measured.

观察了颗粒在不同倾斜角度的井筒中的运移方式，测定了不同粒径的砂粒被携带出的临界流量，揭示了颗粒直径同流体流量关系变化规律。

On the basis of analyzing the lilnitations of the conventional flow equation for rotameter , ac-cording to principle of mechanical energy conservation and transform for real fluid, a new generalflow equation Q=for rotameter has been developed.This equation includes the rota-form factor β to reflect the influence of rota-form on flowmeasurement.

在分析转子流量计习用流量方程局限性的基础上，根据实际流体机械能守恒与转换原理，定义了反映转子形状特征对流量测定影响的转子几何形状因子β；经过推导，最终获得了转子流量计一种新的普遍流量方程Q＝。

By mono-factor analysis of the point drip infiltration,the horizontal and vertical movement distance of soil wetting front were not only in close relation with dripper discharge and drop water,but also had good power functional relation which exists with the soil characteristic ( soil density, soil initial moisture).

以室内试验为基础，测定了重壤土、中壤土、砂壤土在不同滴头流量、不同灌水量下的点源入渗运动过程，通过对点源入渗特性的单因子分析表明，湿润锋水平、垂直扩散距离不仅与滴头流量、灌水量关系密切，与土壤特性(土壤容重、初始含水率)也存在良好的幂函数关系，得出了以土壤物理参数和湿润比及湿润深度为基础的点源滴灌滴头流量的设计模式

Among them very multinomial and direct or indirect design reachs relevant industry to sensor, detailed situation is as follows: The computer reachs peripheral equipment: Hold pattern recognition of GPS receiver, graph and processing system; Microelectronics and photoelectron yuan parts of an apparatus: Cadmium of parts of an apparatus of coupling of CCD photoelectricity carry on one's shoulder, tellurium is mercuric , infra-red detector; CMOS image sensor; Communication equipment reachs a product: Smooth communication is metric with the instrument that monitor; Civil spacecraft reachs ground facilities: Spacecraft is lukewarm control a product; Automation machinery reachs device: Industrial robot and intelligent robot; Electromechanical key foundation: Intelligent air cylinder, intelligence changes model carapace breaker (voltage 380V, 660V, voltaic 1000A), prevent adopt device of dead apply the brake , the electron controls vehicle of the automatic gear-box, dynamoelectric steering gear that help strength, car to carry diagnostic system, gasoline engine electronic-controlled engine of device, derv is electronic-controlled car of device, alternative fuel changes device, car; Instrument appearance reachs a system: GPS car fixed position, monitoring calls the police attemper system, colliery installs all inspection to measure general management system, hydroelectric station to monitor control system, automatic cruise automatically to control a system (the car is auxiliary drive system), the electron collects fees administrative system (ceaseless car electron pays cost the system), two-phase; New-style medical apparatus and instruments: Medical sensor; Inorganic metalloid material: Component of the pottery and porcelain that suppress report, lukewarm characteristic thermal resistor ; New-style the sources of energy reachs equipment: The solar battery reachs package; The environment monitors an instrument: Monitor appearance, CO automatically to monitor appearance, automatic acid rain automatically sampler and determine appearance, soot, dust is automatic sampler and determine appearance, flue gas is automatic sampler and determine steam of end of appearance, car determines automatically appearance, portable poisonous and harmful gas determines quality of air of type of appearance, flow; The exploration of the sources of energy and mineral products resource develops device: MWD is followed get oil of logging instrument, numerical control monitor below well of deep well logging instrument, colliery reach calamity to forecast; The project measures and equipment of earthly physics observation: Project acceleration measures system, much general to strap weather radar (use be concerned with or double polarization technology), intelligence atmosphere sensor (contain lukewarm, press, irradiation level of wet, wind, precipitation, dew point, sun), personal computer control is automatic and perpendicular artesian well system , marine atmosphere; 1 2 of on one page issues one page

主动化机械及行动措施：工业机械人和智能机械人；机电要害根本件：智能气缸、智能化塑壳断路器（电压380V、660V，电流1000A）、防抱死制动安装、电子节制主动变速箱、电动助力转向安装、汽车车载诊断系统、汽油策念头电控安装、柴油策念头电控安装、代用燃料汽车转换安装、汽车前进前辈电子传感器、高效汽车尾气净化安装、柴油策念头高压供油系统（≥1600Bar）、车辆动静节制系统、被动悬架系统、汽车防碰撞安装、汽车电子防盗安装、车内情况智能节制系统、汽车能源多能源治理系统、空气悬架系统、电子制动系统；仪器仪表及系统：GPS汽车定位、监控报警调剂系统、煤矿安好检测综合治理系统、水电站主动监测节制系统、主动巡航节制系统、电子收费治理系统、两相流量固体流量计、现场总线智能仪表；新型医疗器械：医用传感器；无机非金属材料：压电陶瓷元件、正温特征热敏电阻；新型能源及装备：太阳能电池及组件；情况监测仪器：主动监测仪、CO主动监测仪、主动酸雨采样器及测定仪、烟尘、粉尘主动采样器及测定仪、烟气主动采样器及测定仪、汽车尾汽主动测定仪、便携式有毒有害气体测定仪、流动式空气品质监测车、间歇式空气中有机传染物主动分析仪、COD主动在线监测仪BOD主动在线监测仪、浊度和电导主动在线监测仪、DO主动在线监测仪、TOC主动在线监测仪、TOD主动在线监测仪、氨氮主动在线监测仪、油份测定仪、多性能水质现场监测仪、车载型X萤光测试仪、噪声频谱分析仪、振动仪、辐射剂量监测仪、射线分析测试仪、CH主动监测仪；能源和矿产资本的勘察开辟行动措施：MWD随钻测井仪、数控石油深井测井仪、煤矿井下监测及灾难预告；工程测量和地球物理观测行动措施：工程加速度测量系统、多普勒天气雷达、智能型气象形象传感器(含温、压、湿、风、降水、露点、太阳辐照度)、微机节制主动垂直钻井系统、船用气象形象仪、磁通门罗盘和电位计罗盘、测波仪、智能型大陆水质监测用化学传感器(陆续工作3-6个月)、海流测量仪器（操纵声学、机械、电磁办法）、走航式声学多普勒海流剖面仪、声学应答开释器、声学水位计、近海深浪潮汐测量系统；农业工程行动措实行动措施：农业工程行动措施情况计较机主动节制行动措施、温室浇灌营养液主动设置装备摆设与施肥行动措施、巷道式智能化孵化器。

The left carotid artery was expose and placed over an ultrasonic flow probe.The brain flow volume was recorded with an ultra-sonic volume meter.The pursiness time of mice was observed to evaluate the effect of tianma xingnao capsule on cere-bral ischemia and anoxia.Methods The permeability of normal blood-cerebral barrier was investigated in mice.

目的 应用二道血流速度流量仪超声探头测定大鼠颈总动脉，以反映云南省昭通制药有限公司提供的天麻醒脑胶囊对脑血流量的影响；方法记录小鼠断头后张口喘气时间，观察天麻醒脑胶囊的抗脑缺血缺氧作用；小鼠尾静脉注射Evans溶液，测定脑组织Evans的吸光度以反映药物的血脑通透性。

Objective The arteria carotis externa was ligated,and arteria carotis interna was kept opening The left carotid artery was exposed and placed over an ultrasonic flow probe.The brain flow volume was recorded with an ultrasonic volume meter.The pursiness time of mice was observed to evaluate the effect of Erigeron breviscapus pellets on cerebral ischemia.Methods Born's method was used to investigate effects of Erigeron breviscapus pellets on rabbit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate,arachidonic acid,and platelet-acti-vating factor,in vitro or in vivo.Antithrombotic effects of Erigeron breviscapus pellets was monitored accord-ing to Peter's method.

目的 应用二道血流速度流量仪超声探头测定鼠颈总动脉以反映云南植物药业有限公司提供的灯盏花颗粒对脑血流量的影响；记录小鼠断头后张口喘气时间，观察灯盏花颗粒的抗脑缺血作用方法采用Born方法测定灯盏花颗粒在体内外对AA、ADP及PAF诱导的家兔血小板聚集功能的影响；运用电刺激大鼠颈动脉血栓形成方法，评价灯盏花颗粒对血栓形成的阻抑作用。

A diagonal pull tipping-bucket self-recording flow meter based on volumetric method is introduced herein; which consists of tipping-bucket flow sensor, mechanical pulse generator and counter; of which the innovation is that the engine counter used commonly in the weaving industry is successfully applied in the flow measuring through the design of a new mechanical pulse generator .

介绍了一种基于翻斗法量水的自记流量测定仪，该测定仪构成主要包括翻斗式流量传感器、机械脉冲发生器和计数器3部分，其创新点在于，通过自行设计的新型机械脉冲发生装置，将在纺织行业普遍应用的机械式累计数器成功的应用于流量的测定中，该测定仪最大的特点是无需任何动力，抗干扰能力强，特别适合野外工作

The single a machine that should design to adopt serieses MCS-51s primarily conduct and actions main a measurement for, passing spreading feeling machine to the current of air measuring, its change is homologous pulse signal, this pulse signal through A/ D conversion with D/ A conversion after produce the certain electric voltage signal, will show the inceptive pulse signal a discharge for representing to come out at the same time.

而主要注重对其流量的检测并加以显示。该设计主要采用了MCS-51系列的单片机作为主要的芯片，通过传感器对燃气流量的测定，将其转变为相应的脉冲信号，这个脉冲信号经过A/D转换和D/A转化之后产生一定的电压信号，同时会将起初的脉冲信号所代表的流量显示出来。

Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics,School of Stomatology, Beijing Medical University, Beijing 100081,China

单位：北京医科大学口腔医学院牙体牙髓科，100081关键词：激光多普勒流量测定；牙髓；局部血流

The main research work of this dissertation is as follows: Based on the chemical reaction engineering theory and the nitrobenzene electroreduction mechanism, the plate and frame electrolyzer was designed and applied to the process of electroreduction nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol. This dissertation measured the residence time distribution data of the electrolyzer by means of the pulse response method and studied the rule of flow pattern along with the current capacity change. Under different conditions ,this dissertation studied the cyclic voltammetry properties of nitrobenzene on different electrodes by means of the dynamic cyclic voltammetry method and the electrode materials applied to the NB electroreduction have been selected primarily.Baseed on the results of cyclic voltammetry tests, this dissertation used p-electrode systems to measure the steady-state- polarization curves of nitrobenzene on different electrodes in H-type diaphragm cell, and obtained each primary factor s influence rule and the exchange current density value of each electrode.And then on the basis of the conclusions of fundamental researchs upword, the effects of influence factors on the the yield of p-aminophenol and the current efficiency,such as electrode material, current density, quantity of electricity circulated, nitrobenzene concentration . sulpuric acid concentration and so on, have been studied in detail in the systems of hign temperature , strong acidity and oxygen-poorthrough a series of electrolysis experiments in this paper.After all using Pb as anode Monel metal as cathode Dupont Nafion 417 cation-exchange membrane as membrane, this dissertation obtained the optimum technological condition: reaction temperature about 85C, current density 500A m-2, sulphuric acid concentration 20%wt.

论文的主要研究工作为：运用化学反应工程理论，结合硝基苯的电还原机理，设计出用于硝基苯直接电还原合成对氨基苯酚实验的板框式电解槽，并利用脉冲响应法测定了该板框式电解槽的停留时间分布数据，研究了流型随流量变化的规律；通过动态循环伏安法研究了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的循环伏安特性，初步评选出了用于硝基苯电还原的电极材料；结合循环伏安的测定结果，在H型隔膜电解槽中采用三电极体系测定了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的稳态极化曲线，得到了各主要因素的影响规律及硝基苯在各个电极上电还原的交换电流密度数值；在基础研究结论指导下，采用板框式电解槽，在高温、强酸、贫氧系统中，进行了一系列的电解实验，分别考察了电极材料、电流密度、通电量、硝基苯浓度、硫酸浓度等因素对收率及电流效率的影响，最终选择以蒙乃尔合金电极作为阴极、铅合金为阳极、Dupont Nofion 417阳离子交换膜为隔膜，得到由硝基苯直接电还原制对氨基苯酚的最佳电解工艺条件：反应温度85℃，电流密度500A·m~(-2)，硫酸浓度20％wt。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。