流电

More than 50 GaAs/GaAlAs High Power Single Quantum Well Semiconductor Lasers are aged. The threshold current decreases during the early aging (first 520 h) and the largest decrease is 57 mA. From the aging result of more than 1000 h at constant current, we find that output power increases during the early aging , and then decay slowly according to exponent law.

通过对50余只808nm的GaAs/GaAlAs高功率单量子阱远结半导体激光器的老化实验观测，在老化初期（前520h），阈值电流随老化时间的延长而下降，下降幅度高达57mA，从1000h多的恒流电老化结果可以看出，器件的输出光功率在老化初期有所上升，随后，表现出按指数规律缓慢下降的行为。

The precursive Fe3O4 films were sulfurized using constant current electrodepositing and oxidation treating, and Fe3O4 films was transformed into FeS2 thin films after heat sulfur annealing of 400℃ at different sulfurizing pressures.

采用恒流电沉积及氧化处理制备Fe3O4先驱体薄膜，再通过400℃下的热硫化退火，使Fe3O4先驱体薄膜在不同硫压下转变成为多晶FeS2薄膜。

Galvanic pile...电堆 voltaic pile ...伏打电堆 a collection of objects laid on top of each other

他在1800年前已成功發展出以穩定電流製造、稱為伏打堆的早期電池。。。。

Second, the electroosmotic flows, which are becoming one of the most successful technologies of driving and controlling microfluids in capillary electrophoresis, were studied in this paper.

其次，本文对毛细管电泳分离中的主要的流体驱动方式—电渗驱动进行了深入地研究，建立了完整的电渗流数学模型，并采用涡量-流函数方法求解流场。

The model is used to count several engineering example.Comparing the 2D numerical results with electrical simulations,it is proved that the seepage model can count the seepage surface and the location of search results in dam well and truly.Comparing 3D results with 2D results at close section,the results are tally well except the difference of meshes and the interceptive position of section.So the model is credible and has upper practicality value.In the projects,the spending of account is increasing because of the bigger account field.

将饱和—非饱和渗流模型用于几个工程实例，其二维模拟结果同渗流电模拟实验结果进行了对比，证明本文的渗流模型完全能够准确计算坝内的渗流浸润线以及逸出面位置；三维数值模拟的结果在相近剖面处与二维结果作了比较，考虑三维网格剖分及剖面截取位置的差异，三维结果与二维结果吻合的较好，证明本文的饱和—非饱和渗流模型在三维计算中是可靠的且具有较高的实用价值。

A practical and effective solution is to break the complicated pulse electric-explode wave problem into pieces, then solve it with different theory method according to the character of each piece.

纵观液电效应几十年来的研究、发展过程，不难发现人们对液电效应的研究一直是把它放在高压强流脉冲技术理论范畴来研究，把它作为高压强流脉冲技术一个分支加以研究的，这一理论框架严重限制了液电效应理论和应用研究的发展和深入。

The friction and wear characteristics of aluminum-stainless steel composite conductor rail and collector shoe used in metro power supply were investigated on the rig with an electrical current applied across the sliding interface.

通过对销-盘摩擦磨损试验机的夹具和控制部分进行改进，研制出载流摩擦磨损试验装置，并采用该装置研究了地铁钢铝复合式第三轨与受电靴摩擦副之间的载流摩擦磨损特性，采用激光三维共焦扫描显微镜和电子能谱仪等微观手段，结合电接触理论分析了摩擦副的载流摩擦磨损机制。

Comparing with oxygen plasma treatment, the process has little impact on MSZ film, and has little change in the dielectric constant and leakage current. On the reliability, the electrical properties of supercritical CO2 fluid process are better than that of O2 plasma ashing process.

相对於氧电浆处理，本制程对低介电常数材料的影响较小，具有较小的介电常数和漏电流的改变，在可靠度上超临界二氧化碳流体制程更是在电性上明显优於氧电浆处理。

Trickle and floating charge can make each single cell battery receiving electricity constant, ensure batteries capacity resuming maximum, settle the disproportion phenomenon of single cell battery, avoid the overvoltage charge danger of the power voltage change and the end of battery charge and extend the operational life of battery.

61548；完善的充电特性：采用恒流技术，充电初期电流恒定，使每节电池都能较快地充分地充满电，充电效率高，电池温升小；在充电电压达到上限电压时自动切换到恒压限流充电，有效的提高了蓄电池的容量转换效率；涓流浮充使各单体电池均衡受电，保证电池容量得以最大限度恢复，有效解决单体电压不均衡现象，避免了市电电压的变化和蓄电池充电的末期造成的蓄电池过压充电的危险，大大延长了蓄电池的使用寿命。

The main research work of this dissertation is as follows: Based on the chemical reaction engineering theory and the nitrobenzene electroreduction mechanism, the plate and frame electrolyzer was designed and applied to the process of electroreduction nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol. This dissertation measured the residence time distribution data of the electrolyzer by means of the pulse response method and studied the rule of flow pattern along with the current capacity change. Under different conditions ,this dissertation studied the cyclic voltammetry properties of nitrobenzene on different electrodes by means of the dynamic cyclic voltammetry method and the electrode materials applied to the NB electroreduction have been selected primarily.Baseed on the results of cyclic voltammetry tests, this dissertation used p-electrode systems to measure the steady-state- polarization curves of nitrobenzene on different electrodes in H-type diaphragm cell, and obtained each primary factor s influence rule and the exchange current density value of each electrode.And then on the basis of the conclusions of fundamental researchs upword, the effects of influence factors on the the yield of p-aminophenol and the current efficiency,such as electrode material, current density, quantity of electricity circulated, nitrobenzene concentration . sulpuric acid concentration and so on, have been studied in detail in the systems of hign temperature , strong acidity and oxygen-poorthrough a series of electrolysis experiments in this paper.After all using Pb as anode Monel metal as cathode Dupont Nafion 417 cation-exchange membrane as membrane, this dissertation obtained the optimum technological condition: reaction temperature about 85C, current density 500A m-2, sulphuric acid concentration 20%wt.

论文的主要研究工作为：运用化学反应工程理论，结合硝基苯的电还原机理，设计出用于硝基苯直接电还原合成对氨基苯酚实验的板框式电解槽，并利用脉冲响应法测定了该板框式电解槽的停留时间分布数据，研究了流型随流量变化的规律；通过动态循环伏安法研究了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的循环伏安特性，初步评选出了用于硝基苯电还原的电极材料；结合循环伏安的测定结果，在H型隔膜电解槽中采用三电极体系测定了硝基苯在不同电极上、不同条件下的稳态极化曲线，得到了各主要因素的影响规律及硝基苯在各个电极上电还原的交换电流密度数值；在基础研究结论指导下，采用板框式电解槽，在高温、强酸、贫氧系统中，进行了一系列的电解实验，分别考察了电极材料、电流密度、通电量、硝基苯浓度、硫酸浓度等因素对收率及电流效率的影响，最终选择以蒙乃尔合金电极作为阴极、铅合金为阳极、Dupont Nofion 417阳离子交换膜为隔膜，得到由硝基苯直接电还原制对氨基苯酚的最佳电解工艺条件：反应温度85℃，电流密度500A·m~(-2)，硫酸浓度20％wt。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。