流率

A large range of IRZ and intense fluctuating velocity area around the boundary of IRZ is measured and thought to be important to keep the excellent ignition and combustion characters of the new kind swirl burner. Together with temperature trace method, different structure and operation parameter of the burner are studied in this paper about their effects on turbulent and mixing characters of swirling jet. The structure variation includes different blade angle, use of central gear shape baffle, variable outer length and angle of lean primary air outlet, use of wedge outlet of lean primary air.

采用上述两种测量方法并结合热质比拟温度示踪的方法，本文对径向浓淡旋流煤粉燃烧器喷口结构和气流流动参数的变化对旋流流场的流动、混合、湍流脉动特性的影响进行了深入研究，研究了旋流叶片倾角大小、中心齿型扩锥、淡一次风扩口外伸长度和扩角的变化、淡一次风楔形扩口、直流二次风扩口角度的变化对出口旋转射流流动特性的影响，研究了一次风率和旋流二次风率运行参数变化的影响规律。

Computational fluid dynamics method was utilized to the fiowfield numerical simulation of ultrafine stirred mill, the flowfield characters(velocity gradient, shear rate dispersion of flowfield and the dissipative force of viscosity and so on) of three kinds of stirrer(disc type, stick type and spiral type) were analyzed.

利用计算流体力学方法对超细搅拌磨机进行了流场仿真数值模拟，分析了盘式、棒式、螺旋式三种搅拌器的流场特性(速度梯度、流场的剪切率分布和粘性耗散率等)。

On the basis of dual porosity theory,the well test interpretation model which considers the variation of krg versus the volume of liquid is also established and resolved by the implicit method numerically.

摘要通过分析凝析气藏的相图，建立了凝析液饱和度随压力降的变化规律，并回归得出了相应的公式；同时通过对气体压缩因子、黏度随压力、温度的变化，建立了这些参数和无因次压力的关系；在双重介质地层假设的基础上，建立了在试井过程中凝析气相对渗透率随凝析液饱和度变化的凝析气藏试井解释数学模型，采用隐式迭代的方法进行了求解并进行了参数敏感性分析；结果表明：凝析液的饱和度对凝析气藏试井的压力及压力导数曲线有着很大的影响，早期由于凝析液的析出，阻碍了气藏的流动，导致压力及压力导数曲线上升；在凝析液饱和度达到峰值之后，随着凝析液的挥发，凝析气的相对渗透率逐渐恢复，压力及压力导数曲线又回归到正常的径向流位置；由于裂缝和基岩之间的压力差，使得裂缝弹性储容比在测试过程中发生变化，进而影响了压力及压力导数；窜流系数和裂缝弹性储容比的变化决定了窜流段发生的早晚和程度；而基岩中气体黏度的变化使得窜流的发生稍微滞后。

Solani. The extract was further separated into two parts and one part separated by ethyl acetate while the other was separated by petroleum ether. Based on the inhibition experiment against R. solani, ethly acetate extract has a rather strong effect on R. solani with 89.70% inhibition rate and 15.52 mgmL^(-1) EC 50.The effect of petroleum ether extract on R. solani is relatively weak. The former was again divided into five parts in silica gel column, of which the second part significantly inhibits R. solani. During the periods of 24 and 48 hrs, the inhibition rate of the second part on R. solan is respectively 89.58% and 80.36%.

结果表明：鸭粪乙醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌有抑制作用，24h内最高菌丝生长抑制率和EC50分别为88.64%、26.11mgmL^(-1)；鸭粪乙醇提取物经萃取分离得到石油醚和乙酸乙酯两种组分，其中石油醚组分抑菌效果较弱，乙酸乙酯组分抑菌能力较强，其对水稻纹枯病菌抑制率为89.70%，EC50为15.52mgmL^(-1)；对乙酸乙酯组分进行硅胶柱层析分离得到5种流份，其中第2流份有显著抑菌活性，在24h和48h内对水稻纹枯病菌的抑制率分别为89.58%和80.36%。

Methods 160 reverse flow axial flaps were used to repair the defects of eyelid, nose,chin,lip,neck,vagina,and penis,including retroauricular flap based on superficial temporal artery,auricular composite flap based on supraorbital vessels,neck-submandibular flaps based on contralateral side mental artery,nape-scapulo-dorsal flap based on transverse cervical artery,and medial ...

方法随机选择160例近22年来应用较广的5种动脉跨区供血反流轴型皮瓣，即：颞浅血管为蒂的乳突区皮瓣、眶上血管为蒂的岛状耳廓复合组织瓣、颏下动脉蒂的对侧颏颈皮瓣、颈横动脉供血的项肩背皮瓣、会阴动脉供血的股内侧皮瓣，考查其完全成活率、部分成活率、完全坏死率、动脉缺血发生率、动脉缺血致皮瓣坏死率、静脉淤血发生率、静脉淤血致皮瓣坏死率等指标，并与我院同期内应用的常规顺流轴型皮瓣随机样本120例进行比较。

According to the relationship between the shear rate and the energy dissipation rate,a method for calculating the average shear rate based on the volumetrically average energy dissipation rate is presented.

根据能量耗散率与剪切率的关系，提出了按流体的体积平均能量耗散率计算流体平均剪切率的方法，即可根据流体的密度、平均流速、管道直径、流动的摩擦因子或摩阻压降以及流变参数计算牛顿流体和幂律流体管流的平均剪切率。

During growth phase the metabolic flux to glycerol synthesis was much large, and the carbon was mostly catabolized in TCA in the glycerol production process. With large flux through TCA cycle ATP could be overproduced by NADH oxidation and most ATP may be in futile cycle, which may be the reason that the yield of glycerol is hard to be improved.

分析发现菌体生长阶段合成丙三醇的代谢流较大，这可能是细胞为了维持高渗透压环境下正常生理功能所需；但是在菌体生长停止后，产丙三醇阶段合成丙三醇的代谢流并没有增加，而是TCA循环中代谢流增加，于是产生的NADH氧化生成更多ATP，大都ATP可能是无效循环消耗掉，这是丙三醇产率没有达到理想产率的根本所在。

In different conditions on fluidized state and stability of conical fluidized bed. The conlusions are: the conical angel of the conical fluidized bed is 20°, the fluidized state havesmall difference in conical distributor and distributor plate. The angle of conical bed increase,the fluidized state will have big difference. The angle is 60°and the conical as distributor, themass of fluidized is less, the most of material is the bottom of conical bed. The effect ofdistributor plate is much better than the conical distributor. Sawdust and rice hull can fluidize.The annular gap of conical distributor different, the angle of conical bed is same, the fluidizedquality of 10mm annular gap is better than the other conical distributors. The annular gap ismore wide, the conical bed have more slugging phenomenon and the pressure fluctuate is turnbig.In the experiment the flow of 2％and 4％distributor plates don\'t easy to control, becausethe pressure is very big and the pressure fluctuate of conical bed is too big.

在不同的条件下对锥形床的流化状态和稳定性进行了研究，结果得出：锥形床的锥角为20度时，分布锥和分布板的流化状态相差不明显，随着锥形床锥角的增大，分布锥和分布板的流化现象会出现明显的变化，锥形床锥角越大，分布锥的流化状态变化越明显，流化的的物料越少，大量物料都聚集在锥形床底部，而分布板在加料量少的情况下，能流化起来。10mm、15mm和20mm环隙分布锥在锥形床锥角相同条件下，10mm环隙分布锥的流化质量要好于其它两个分布锥，环隙越大越容易出现腾涌现象的产生，压降波动范围增大。2％、4％和6％开孔率分布板在本实验测定时，2％和4％开孔率分布板的流量不容易调节，同时产生的压降波动范围也很大，比较来说，6％开孔率分布板流化质量好些。

After analyzing the performance anduncertainty of the DDPM vortex flowmeter in gas-liquid bubble flows, the vortexflowmeter-Venturi tube combinative method using the vortex flowmeter and the Venturi tube as measuring cells was put forward, the measurement model based on thevortex frequency and the Venturi differential pressure was established, and it showsthat the relative errors of this method for the mass flow measurement of bubble flowsare within±5%. Furthermore, the flowrate and volume void fraction of bubble flowswere obtained using a single DDPM vortex flowmeter through the relationshipbetween the frequency and amplitude of the circumferential DDPM signal, and resultsdemonstrate that the relative errors of the flowrate and volume void fraction of bubbleflows are within±5% and±10% respectively, which indicates the broad applicabilityof this method to large numbers of engineering fields.

通过分析管壁差压式涡街流量计在气液泡状流中的性能和不确定度，提出了以涡街流量计和文丘里管作为测量元件的&涡街—文丘里联合法&，建立了以涡街频率和文丘里差压为被测量的测量模型，该方法对气液泡状流质量流量的测量相对误差可达±5％；通过建立涡街周向管壁差压信号频率和幅度与被测流体的关系，使用单个涡街流量计实现了对气液泡状流流量和体积含气率的双参数测量，该方法对气液泡状流流量和体积含气率的测量相对误差分别为±5％和±10％，可以满足大量工业实际应用的要求。

Also the multi-scale entropy processing and analysis of conductance fluctuating signals acquired by VMEA sensor for five flow patterns with water as the continuous liquid are conducted. The study result indicates that the increase of f o makes oil in water type slug flow occur at lower U sg; for low flow velocity, the continuous liquid inversion occurs at about f o=0.9 and the increase of U sg makes the inversion point move to low oil volume fraction; the multi-scale entropy detail describes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of oil-gas-water flow patterns and the rate of MSE at low scales sensitively indicates the variation of flow patterns and can act as the efficient criterion of three-phase flow patterns identification.

对水为连续相的5种流型VMEA传感器波动信号进行了多尺度熵分析，研究结果表明：含油率增加可使水包油段塞流在较低气相表观速度下产生；较低流速下的油水相态逆转可发生在油液比为0.9左右，气相流速增加使得逆转点向含油率低的方向偏移；多尺度熵细节可以刻画油气水三相流非线性动力学特性，而低尺度的多尺度熵变化率敏感地反映流型转变，是划分油气水三相流流型的有效准则。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。