流点试验

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

The results show that the liftoff height of the CH4/Air jet flame decreases with the increase of the coflow temperature, and the change of the liftoff height versus the coflow temperature presents the twostages behavior, and the stabilization of lifted flame is dominated by the autoignition of premixed homogeneous mixture in lower coflow temperature range. The phenomena of rapid multipoint autoignition were observed in the experiment of diesel fuel spray issuing into the CATA, and a special lifted flame appeared with a triple flame.

结果表明：甲烷气体燃料火焰起升高度随协流温度的升高而降低，呈现出两阶段变化特点，低温段发生了明显的自燃现象，其火焰稳定由均质混合气自燃所主导；柴油液雾燃烧试验观察到了快速的多点自燃现象，形成了独特的起升火焰，有三重火焰的特征。

According finite element theory, the computing method and step of Nishihara rheological model was given, numerical simulating of Three point bending creep test was performed and the results were coincided with that of test.

并对三点弯曲流变试验进行了数值模拟，结果也证明了改进后的西原模型与实测值的吻合性。

This paper lists some important factors of influencing safe operation of bow net system,introduces pantograph and anti-scrape bow protection device which is installed on service locomotive,and discusses a new technology of improving pantagraph current quality——self-adaptive bow head system.

列举了影响弓网系统安全运行的几项重要因素；介绍在运营机车上试验安装的受电弓防刮弓保护装置，以及因该装置所产生的提高受流质量的新技术——自适应弓头系统；提出了两个系统整合的创新点。

In order to analyze rheological property and establish constitutive model of Q_2 loess, a series of uniaxial creep experiments on different water content are done .The creep test curves and stress-strain isochronism curves are drawed with the result of experiments and conclusions are reached from the curves. The creep performance of Q_2 loess is different under the different stress level. In the different time the stress-strain isochronism curve has obvious inflection point namely yield stress and the yield stress reduces along with the increase of water content, which can be described by exponential function.

为了分析黄土的流变特性和建立相应的本构模型，本文首先根据对不同含水量的Q_2黄土进行的一系列单轴应力条件的室内蠕变试验结果，分析总结了Q_2黄土蠕变特征和应力—应变等时曲线特征，得出Q_2黄土在不同的应力水平下蠕变变形表现形式不同；在不同的时刻应力—应变等时曲线存在有较明显的拐点，拐点所对应的应力即为屈服应力，屈服应力随着含水量的增大而呈指数形式降低；Q_2黄土可近似看成一种线性粘弹塑性体。

The method of simulating the problem of two-dimensional pressure seepage with the method of finite difference,disposing the anomalous boundary by mapping point method and protracting the current net was carried out.

对于二维有压渗流问题，采用有限差分方法进行数值模拟，用映象点法处理非规则边界，并绘出流网，与电模拟试验进行对比，验证了这种方法的可行性。

With method given by the paper, the impeller and volute of centrifugal pump can been designed according to the flow rate and head, and take optimization choosing with numerical test to aubstitute for real pump or model teat.

用本文提出的方法，可以根据设计工况点或高效点的流量与压头的要求，通过数值计算，确定离心泵通流部分的形状和尺寸，并且用数值试验进行优化选择，以代替多种方案的模型或实物试验进行优化方案的选择。

Test results of film height at several points on sealing area of plane pairs, leakage flow, and frictional torque and so on, show that supply pressure greatly affects lubricating the height and its figuration of film, and that the cylinder block surface wear mainly resulted from destruction of film.

通过平面配流密封带多点实测膜厚、泄漏流量、摩擦转矩的试验数据表明，供油压力对密封带润滑油膜厚度、形态等的影响较大。局部油膜破坏是导致缸体面磨损的主因，试验测得的膜厚分布与其磨损分布有直接关系。

In the paper the author relates systematically the research fruits in the program of Research on Sand Slurry Abrasion Mechanisms of Dredging Conditions and New Wear-Resistant Materials. The main contents and innovations are listed as follows.Summarized and analyzed are the wear researches and developments, and the methods of increasing materials wear-resistance. From the viewpoint of the characteristics of two-phase liquid sand slurry wear, combined with the examination and study on easily damaged workpieces, the wear failures basic rules are pointed out, of the pump shell and the cutter-piece on service, and the general principles of material wear-resistant designs put forward. The sand slurry abrasion tester has been designed and developed which can simulate general dredging conditions. Summarized and presented are the position-exchange measuring method of sand slurry abrasion test and the experiment specification of sand slurry wear test of dredging conditions.

文中系统论述了作者在疏浚工况泥沙磨损机理及其耐磨新材料课题研究中的工作成果，主要研究内容和创新点如下：总结分析了磨损研究动态和提高材料耐磨性的方法；从两相流泥沙磨损的特点出发，结合对失效易损件的考察研究，分析指出了现役泥泵壳和绞刀片磨损失效的基本规律，提出了材料耐磨损设计的基本思想；设计研制了能模拟疏浚工况的泥沙磨损试验机，总结提出了泥沙磨损试验换位测试法和疏浚工况泥沙磨损试验规范。

According to the basic equations derived under the two assumptions by Harold Lauffer—(1) the energy head of every point of a vertical section remains constant,(2) the flow lines are concentric circular arcs,this paper qives a comprehensive deduction of curvature effect in the characteristics of free overflow of round-crested spillway.118 runs of experiments of three round-crested spillway models of different size have been conducted by the author.

本文根据劳弗尔氏在两项假定[(1)垂直测线上各点所含能量为常数，(2)流线呈同心圆弧]下所导得的基本公式，作了详细的补充引伸，得出圆顶壩自由溢流时各项水力特性中的曲率影响计算公式。作者曾进行了大、中、小三个圆顶壩模型的试验共118组，试验成果基本上和导得的计算公式相合致。文中并根据试验资料制定了一些经验公式，应用时可更简便。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。