流感的

There have also been two less catastrophic pandemics. The so-called "Asian" flu of 1957 caused between one and four million deaths, while 1968's "Hong Kong" flu - with about half the estimated deadliness of the Asian flu - caused one to two million deaths.

还有两次比那一次稍微好一点的大流行。1957年所谓的"亚洲的"流感导致了一百万到四百万的死亡而1968年的"香港"流感，估计大概"亚洲的"流感致死一半，引起了一百万到两百万的死亡。

No evidence for genetic re-assortment between human and avian influenza A virus genes has been found; however, this epizootic continues to pose an important public health threat.

还没人发现证据能够表明，人类流感A病毒与鸟类流感A病毒之间会发生基因重组。然而，这一传染病仍将对公众健康造成严重的威胁。

As showed above, we could draw the conclusion that H3 viruses could cause outbreaks or local epidemics in Shanghai for the immune of population to the new emerging antigenic drift was still unknown though there was strong immune barrier to the previous vaccine strain, H1 viruses also may caused epidemics as the population had a weak immune protection to the previous reference strains A/New Caledonia/20/99-like and part of the recent isolates were distingwishing from them and continued to evolute on the new reference strain, and H5N1 HPAI activities has expanded its geographical range thus increasing the size of the population at risk as the continuing emergence of human cases which give the virus an opportunity to evolve towards a fully transmissible pandemic strain. We should keep eyes on the human cases of avian influenza virus an its variation for the H5 isolates in Shanghai also has the possibility to infect human directly and the infection of H5, H9 viruses had previously occurred in the population especially in those contacting with animals.

综合上述分析结果，我们认为上海地区人群虽然对原有的H3亚型参考病毒株有较高的免疫保护，但H3亚型病毒HA已出现新的抗原漂移，人群现在对新变异株的保护水平尚未知，有可能在未来引起局限性暴发甚至地方性流行；人群对H1亚型流感病毒免疫保护水平低，同时H1亚型流感病毒株部分与原推荐疫苗株抗原性差别较大，并在现推荐疫苗株基础上继续变异，需警惕发生流行的可能性；H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感地域范围扩大，人间病例不断发生，存在演变成大流行株的威胁，上海市H5亚型禽流感病毒株存在跨宿主屏障感染人类的可能性，而且已发现人群尤其禽、畜类动物接触人群中存在H5、H9亚型流感病毒的既往感染，应警惕禽流感病毒的变异和人间病例的发生。

Methods Virus was isolated from in embryonated chicken eggs and the antibody of influenza virus H9N2 were detected by the method of hemagglutination inhibition.

方法采用常规的鸡胚双腔法分离流感病毒；采用红细胞凝集抑制试验和中和试验测定流感病毒抗体。

Finally, it is possible that serially passaged cells, such as the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells now widely used in influenza laboratories, became latently and serially infected with different strains of influenza as a result of lax laboratory practices.

最后，它有可能是病毒连续通过细胞，如Madin-Darby canine kidney 细胞（目前广泛使用在流感实验室），导致不同流感病毒毒株潜在地及连续地感染，作为一个不严格实验室做法的结果。

Due to the insufficient supply of embryonated chicken eggs, the preparation of large quantities of inactivated influenza vaccines will require an alternative virus culture system after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic influenza virus.

当流感病毒大流行的时候，用鸡胚培养方法生产的流感灭活疫苗不能满足大规模的需求。需要探索新的流感病毒培养基质。Vero细胞已作为多种人用疫苗的生产基质。

The "unsampled pig herd" theory was suggested by Smith and his colleagues, who concluded that "the progenitor of the S-OIV epidemic originated in pigs", and the "long unsampled history observed for every segment" of the S-OIV genome "suggests that the reassortment of Eurasian and North American swine lineages may not have occurred recently, and it is possible that this single reassortant lineage has been cryptically circulating rather than two distinct lineages of swine flu", and that "Movement of live pigs between Eurasia and North America seems to have facilitated the mixing of diverse swine influenzas, leading to the multiple reassortment events associated with the genesis of the S-OIV strain."

&无取样猪群&论，由Smith和他的同事提出，断定&流行猪源流感病毒的祖辈起源于猪&，猪源流感病毒基因上&观察到的每一个基因片断长期无样本历史&表明，&欧亚族和北美族猪流感病毒重配可能没有在最近发生，也许这种重配病毒已经神秘传播，而不是两个不同族猪流感病毒&，而且&在欧亚大陆与北美之间的生猪运输似乎促进了不同的猪流感病毒混合，导致了和猪源流感病毒毒株基因关联的多重配事件。&

The "unsampled pig herd" theory was suggested by Smith and his colleagues who concluded that "the progenitor of the S-OIV epidemic originated in pigs" and the "long unsampled history observed for every segment" of the S-OIV genome "suggests that the reassortment of Eurasian and North American swine lineages may not have occurred recently and it is possible that this single reassortant lineage has been cryptically circulating rather than two distinct lineages of swine flu" and that "Movement of live pigs between Eurasia and North America seems to have facilitated the mixing of diverse swine influenzas leading to the multiple reassortment events associated with the genesis of the S-OIV strain."

&无取样猪群&论，由Smith和他的同事提出，断定&流行猪源流感病毒的祖辈起源于猪&，猪源流感病毒基因上&观察到的每一个基因片断长期无样本历史&表明，&欧亚族和北美族猪流感病毒重配可能没有在最近发生，也许这种重配病毒已经神秘传播，而不是两个不同族猪流感病毒&，而且&在欧亚大陆与北美之间的生猪运输好像促进了不同的猪流感病毒混合，导致了和猪源流感病毒毒株基因关联的多重配事件。&

It also became apparent that the new virus contains bits and pieces derived from avian and human strains of influenza, as well as porcine ones, further muddying its origins.

人们还清楚地发现，这种新的病毒除了含有猪类流感病毒的片段外，含有来自禽类和人类流感病毒的一些片段，这使得要弄清猪流感病毒的起源就更加不容易了。

Its two-phase action makes Hyland\'s Complete Flu Care 4 Kids a versatile solution to share with consumers looking to head off the flu early, or to relieve the nasty symptoms after the flu has set in.

全新的Hyland\'s儿童全效流感是快速缓解的答案，双效的作用能让消费者相当满意快速的抵抗流感和流感带来的不适症状。

And if officials on the take are not parroting the opinions of these companies, what can we suppose the money they receive is for?

如果受贿的官员不鹦鹉学舌般地复述这些公司的看法，那他们所接受的钱又能用于什么目的呢？

Love them, and love you too, Pitcher.

爱他们，也爱你，投手。