流感的

An estimated three to six shifts occurred in the 18th century, four in the 19th, and three in the 20th: the 1918 pandemic, the 1957 Asian flu and the 1968 Hong Kong flu.

据估计，18世纪发生了3~6次的大变异，19世纪纪4次，20世纪3次，分别是1918年的流感大流行、1957年的亚洲流感和1968年的香港流感。

The important thing for people to appreciate is when we go back to seasonal influenza, it won't necessarily be the same seasonal influenza as we've had in the past," Dr. Angus Nicoll, the ECDC's influenza coordinator, said in an interview."We may have to change who gets vaccinated.

人们需要认识到的重要一点是，季节性流感卷土重来时，其表现不一定与我们过去经历的季节性流感相同，"流感协调员Angus Nicoll博士在一次受访中说，"我们也许会被迫改变接种疫苗的对象。

To observe the antiviral activity of Algefacient and anti-inflammatory against influenza virus, cell culture technique was used in MDCK cells to get virus inhibitory rate and virus titer by MTT assay and hemagglitination test. Influenza virus infection model was established in mice, to observe the protection effect to mice death, the inhibitory effect to pulmonary index and pulmonary virus titer.

为评价清热消炎复方制剂的抗流感病毒活性，我们以病毒唑为对照，通过在体外观察病毒致细胞病变效应、MTT细胞染色检查病毒抑制率和检测病毒血凝滴度；在体内观察其对染毒小鼠的死亡保护作用，对小鼠流感病毒性肺炎的抑制作用，以及对小鼠肺内病毒增殖的影响，从而判定其抗流感病毒作用。

Dr. Benito-Fernandez and colleagues at the Hospital de Cruces, Bizkaia, Spain, and colleagues assessed the impact of introducing rapid iral testing for influenza into the routine protocol for the management of febrile infants with no signs of focal infection during influenza season.

西班牙De Cruce医院的Benito-Fernandez博士和他的同事评估了将流感快速病毒检测引入流感季节没有典型体征的发热婴儿的常规处置治疗方案。作者报道，流感检测在206例发热婴儿中阳性率达40.7%。

In a seasonal epidemic, it can spread worldwide and lead to a huge impact on the economy and society. The global burden of inter-pandemic influenza may be on the order of 1 billion cases, including 3~5 million cases of severe illness and 300,000~500,000 deaths annually. Vaccination is considered the most effective and cost-effective method to lower the mortality and morbidity associated with influenza.The use of continuous cell lines for influenza virus antigen production can be considered an attractive alternative to embryonated chicken eggs for several reasons. Firstly, influenza viruses propagated in animal cells usually resemble the original isolate more closely than do viruses propagated in eggs.

流行性感冒是由流感病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病，在季节性流行时，能在全世界迅速传播，造成大量的经济损失和社会危害，全世界每年约有10亿人口感染流感病毒，其中重症病例300～500万，死亡人数25～50万，免疫接种流感疫苗仍是最为有效和经济的方式。

With a new H1N1 influenza virus spreading around the world, governments in many countries have revived advertisements entreating people to observe personal hygiene.

猪流感与甲型H1N1流感病毒的关系：眼下一种新型的H1N1流感病毒正在全球广泛传播，很多国家的政府纷纷重新打出广告，提醒人们注意个人卫生。

Results The cytopathic effect induced by influenza virus was inhibited remarkedly,with IC50 of 3.33 mg raw material/ml and TI of 7.48. At the dose of 8～20g raw material/kg body weight,pneumonia induced by influenza virus in mice was inhibited significantly by the water extract.The survival rate was increased remarkedly. Conclusion The water extract from Pitecollobium clypearia Benth.

结果 猴耳环水提取物在体外对流感病毒引起的细胞病变有明显抑制作用，其IC50生药为3.33mg/ml，TI为7.48；在给生药药剂量为8～20g/kg时，对流感病毒所致的小鼠肺部炎症有明显抑制作用，并能明显降低流感病毒感染小鼠的死亡率和延长其存活时间。

Richt contends that the viruses jumped from birds to people and transformed inside their new hosts, or that they jumped from birds to a mammal, such as pigs, where they shuffled their genes and formed new flu viruses.

里希特说，猪是流感海绵，能够跨跃物种界线吸取人类和禽类的流感病毒。造成1957和1968年的亚洲流感大流行的，就是经过混合匹配，再重新组合出来的新病毒。

There is an H1N1 human strain in this year's shot, and all H1N1 flus are descendants of the 1918 pandemic strain.

在今年的流感疫苗中含有H1N1人类病毒，所有的流感病毒都是1918年流感病毒的后裔。

Moreover, in order to make clear whether IV infection touches off the cause and its pathogenesis of artherosclerosis inflammatory reaction. The study also uses IV of type A1 and A3 to infect repeatedly Jimpy mice with E gene defect, to observe AS histology change of Jimpy mice aorta and detect the change of IV antibody and inflammatory reaction medium (eg.TNF-α, IL-1) in Jimpy mice serum and express of monocyte chemotactic factor( MCF-1) and nuclear factor kB in Jimpy mice aorta tissue .

另外，为了弄清流感病毒感染是否是触发动脉粥样硬化炎症反应的发生原因及其机理，本研究还用A1、A3型流感病毒反复感染载脂蛋白E基因缺陷小鼠，观察小鼠主动脉的动脉粥样硬化组织学改变，并检测小鼠血清中流感病毒抗体、炎症反应介质（如TNF-a、IL-1等）变化情况以及小鼠主动脉组织中的单核细胞趋化因子-1（MCP-1）和核转录因子kB表达情况。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。