流感

There have also been two less catastrophic pandemics. The so-called "Asian" flu of 1957 caused between one and four million deaths, while 1968's "Hong Kong" flu - with about half the estimated deadliness of the Asian flu - caused one to two million deaths.

还有两次比那一次稍微好一点的大流行。1957年所谓的"亚洲的"流感导致了一百万到四百万的死亡而1968年的"香港"流感，估计大概"亚洲的"流感致死一半，引起了一百万到两百万的死亡。

The inhibiting influenza A virus effect of catechu extract was observed by means of chick-embryo culture , and the inhibitory activity of catechu extract on influenza A virus in vitro was observed by the hemagglutination inhibition test.

用狗肾传代MDCK细胞培养法观察儿茶提取物抑制甲型流感病毒的致细胞病变作用；用鸡胚培养法观察儿茶提取物抑制甲型流感病毒增生的作用；用红细胞凝集试验观察儿茶提取物体外直接抑制甲型流感病毒的作用。

As showed above, we could draw the conclusion that H3 viruses could cause outbreaks or local epidemics in Shanghai for the immune of population to the new emerging antigenic drift was still unknown though there was strong immune barrier to the previous vaccine strain, H1 viruses also may caused epidemics as the population had a weak immune protection to the previous reference strains A/New Caledonia/20/99-like and part of the recent isolates were distingwishing from them and continued to evolute on the new reference strain, and H5N1 HPAI activities has expanded its geographical range thus increasing the size of the population at risk as the continuing emergence of human cases which give the virus an opportunity to evolve towards a fully transmissible pandemic strain. We should keep eyes on the human cases of avian influenza virus an its variation for the H5 isolates in Shanghai also has the possibility to infect human directly and the infection of H5, H9 viruses had previously occurred in the population especially in those contacting with animals.

综合上述分析结果，我们认为上海地区人群虽然对原有的H3亚型参考病毒株有较高的免疫保护，但H3亚型病毒HA已出现新的抗原漂移，人群现在对新变异株的保护水平尚未知，有可能在未来引起局限性暴发甚至地方性流行；人群对H1亚型流感病毒免疫保护水平低，同时H1亚型流感病毒株部分与原推荐疫苗株抗原性差别较大，并在现推荐疫苗株基础上继续变异，需警惕发生流行的可能性；H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感地域范围扩大，人间病例不断发生，存在演变成大流行株的威胁，上海市H5亚型禽流感病毒株存在跨宿主屏障感染人类的可能性，而且已发现人群尤其禽、畜类动物接触人群中存在H5、H9亚型流感病毒的既往感染，应警惕禽流感病毒的变异和人间病例的发生。

The important thing for people to appreciate is when we go back to seasonal influenza, it won't necessarily be the same seasonal influenza as we've had in the past," Dr. Angus Nicoll, the ECDC's influenza coordinator, said in an interview."We may have to change who gets vaccinated.

人们需要认识到的重要一点是，季节性流感卷土重来时，其表现不一定与我们过去经历的季节性流感相同，"流感协调员Angus Nicoll博士在一次受访中说，"我们也许会被迫改变接种疫苗的对象。

Effective measures should be strengthened to increase the related knowledge propagandism, and to improve the inoculation rate among the medical staff.

相关部门应该加大流感及流感疫苗相关知识的宣传，采取有效措施，提高医务人员流感疫苗接种率。

Some key techniques related to the close and continuous process were investigated by the application of H9N2 avian influenza virus with Vero cells, such as the susceptibility of cell to influenza virus, virus production with cell microcarrier culture method, cell bead-to-bead transfer, virus production through bead-to-bead transfer, cell culture and virus production with serum free medium, metabolism analysis, and repetitiously intermittent bead-to-bead transfer of cell for virus production to simulate the close and continuous process.

通过使用Vero细胞增殖禽流感病毒H9N2，本文针对封闭连续工艺过程的一些关键技术开展研究，包括细胞对流感病毒敏感性分析、细胞微载体培养生产病毒工艺、细胞珠到珠转移、转移后细胞对病毒增殖敏感性验证、细胞无血清培养生产流感病毒、代谢分析、可模拟连续操作的多次间歇式珠到珠转移培养细胞生产流感病毒等方面。

To observe the antiviral activity of Algefacient and anti-inflammatory against influenza virus, cell culture technique was used in MDCK cells to get virus inhibitory rate and virus titer by MTT assay and hemagglitination test. Influenza virus infection model was established in mice, to observe the protection effect to mice death, the inhibitory effect to pulmonary index and pulmonary virus titer.

为评价清热消炎复方制剂的抗流感病毒活性，我们以病毒唑为对照，通过在体外观察病毒致细胞病变效应、MTT细胞染色检查病毒抑制率和检测病毒血凝滴度；在体内观察其对染毒小鼠的死亡保护作用，对小鼠流感病毒性肺炎的抑制作用，以及对小鼠肺内病毒增殖的影响，从而判定其抗流感病毒作用。

Dr. Benito-Fernandez and colleagues at the Hospital de Cruces, Bizkaia, Spain, and colleagues assessed the impact of introducing rapid iral testing for influenza into the routine protocol for the management of febrile infants with no signs of focal infection during influenza season.

西班牙De Cruce医院的Benito-Fernandez博士和他的同事评估了将流感快速病毒检测引入流感季节没有典型体征的发热婴儿的常规处置治疗方案。作者报道，流感检测在206例发热婴儿中阳性率达40.7%。

Due to the insufficient supply of embryonated chicken eggs, the preparation of large quantities of inactivated influenza vaccines will require an alternative virus culture system after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic influenza virus.

当流感病毒大流行的时候，用鸡胚培养方法生产的流感灭活疫苗不能满足大规模的需求。需要探索新的流感病毒培养基质。Vero细胞已作为多种人用疫苗的生产基质。

In a seasonal epidemic, it can spread worldwide and lead to a huge impact on the economy and society. The global burden of inter-pandemic influenza may be on the order of 1 billion cases, including 3~5 million cases of severe illness and 300,000~500,000 deaths annually. Vaccination is considered the most effective and cost-effective method to lower the mortality and morbidity associated with influenza.The use of continuous cell lines for influenza virus antigen production can be considered an attractive alternative to embryonated chicken eggs for several reasons. Firstly, influenza viruses propagated in animal cells usually resemble the original isolate more closely than do viruses propagated in eggs.

流行性感冒是由流感病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病，在季节性流行时，能在全世界迅速传播，造成大量的经济损失和社会危害，全世界每年约有10亿人口感染流感病毒，其中重症病例300～500万，死亡人数25～50万，免疫接种流感疫苗仍是最为有效和经济的方式。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了