流域

The research quantified the effects of geographical environment factors about runoff and sediment generation to provide rationable foundation to differentiate cell of runoff and sediment generation and to the construction of ecological environment in a watershed.

定量评价影响渭河流域产水、产沙的地理环境要素因子，为渭河流域产水、产沙格局划分及流域生态环境建设提供理论依据。

Free marketscenario depends on outside system of the watershed,sothis system has more risk than the system of watersheddevelopment.In watershed development scenario,thecropping system and livestock system are balance,thelabour is also balance,so the stability of this systemis better than the system of tree market.

但是如何科学地、合理地规划这些小流域，使之在资源利用上是持续的，在经济上对大多数受益者是可行的，达到既开发利用了小流域内的农业资源，增加了农民的收入，同时又保护小流域内的生态环境，达到生态、经济、社会三大效益的统一，是极待于研究的问题。

Based on the p rinci ple of system, a basin,taking water as a intermediary,is regarded as a open and complicated system through the interacti on between mankind and nature, and a su stainable development model of the basin system proposed.

从系统的观点出发，把流域看成为一个以水为媒体，人与自然相互作用的开放的复杂巨系统，提出了一种流域系统可持续发展的模式，分析和研究了流域系统的运行机制及测度指标体系，进而提出一种层次分析方法和神经网络方法相结合的综合测度方法。

Through the establishment of water environment management information system of Supa River basin, an improved BP neural network model made for the comprehensive assessment on the water quality of the basin concerned is presented in accordance with the condition with better water quality and without any principal economic industries therein.

通过建立苏帕河流域水环境管理信息系统，针对苏帕河流域没有主要经济产业、水质较好的状况，侧重于介绍建立改进的 BP神经网络模型对流域的水质进行综合评价。

During the establishment of sediment yield dynamic model at the watershed outlet, it was difficult for us to carry out dynamic monitoring of each impact factors in the whole basin, because it was a long time research and was in very large-scale watershed. Taking into account the interannual variability of sediment yield mainly affected by hydrological conditions of rainfall - runoff and underlaying surface changes caused by soil conservation measures, a combined influence factor which is related to surface runoff modulus and the implementation time of the water and soil conservation project was proposed for the first time. Furthermore, its specific expression was determined through dimensional analysis and non-linear regression multianalysis.

在流域输沙量动态模型的建立中，由于研究时段长、研究流域尺度大，对输沙量各影响因子进行全流域逐年动态监测十分困难，考虑输沙量的年际变化主要受降雨-径流水文条件和水土保持措施等土地管理活动的影响，首次提出与地表径流模数和治理时间相关的综合影响因子，并通过因次分析法和二元非线型回归法确定了具体的表达式。

It is shown that the model can well simulates the daily runoff process in Hanzhong area and the model efficiency is similar to those of the lumped VIC and Xinanjiang Hydrological Model.Moreover,the proposed model considers the spatial variability of precipitation and underly...

结果表明，该模型能较好模拟汉中流域的日径流过程，其模拟精度与集总式VIC模型和集总式三水源新安江模型基本相当，但它充分考虑了研究流域内降水输入和下垫面条件的空间差异性，能够提供网格降水分布及流域内产汇流的分布状况，能进一步同中尺度MM5气象模式耦合，延长洪水预报的预见期。

Watershed management has been constantly explored by most countries,and both the theory and the practice of river basin management have been greatly enriched.

世界各国对流域管理的不断探索，大大丰富了流域管理的理论和实践，流域管理已成为国家和地区水资源管理的一种行之有效的模式。

Based on borehole data mainly from the construction sites of hydropower stations,we studied the distribution,composition,structure and forming time of such overburdens along the Dadu River valley and approached their forming mechanisms. The overburdens are generally more than 30 meters thick and cover about 95％of the Dadu River valley.

本文以梯级水电站较密集、河床勘探资料相对较丰富的大渡河流域为主要研究对象，通过系统分析整理该流域河床钻探资料，对该流域河谷深厚覆盖层的分布特征、物质组成与结构特征、形成时间等进行了较为系统地分析总结，并对其形成机理提出了新的认识。

Some particular measures to be taken are as the followings:(1) to establish a uniform harmony mechanism in the river basin in order to have a general plan for wetland protection and utilization;(2) to combine the existing protection districts according to lake drainage area and species distribution, and to construct new wetland protection region in order to solve problems in management districts;(3) to develop wetland restoration and reconstruction;(4) to carry out reforesting in formerly cultivated land and to construct shelter forest of the Yangtze River in order to control soil erosion and to preserve the water resource;(5) to protect and utilize reasonably the wetland resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;(6) to strengthen the research of wetland science.

具体可采取以下措施：在流域内建立统一协调机制，对流域湿地进行保护与合理利用，合理布局，统一规划；按湖泊流域和物种分布整合现有保护区，建立新的湿地保护区，解决目前管理上的制约问题；大力开展湿地修复重建；推进退耕还林、长江防护林等工程建设，发挥森林治理水土流失、涵养水源的作用；在保护的前提下科学合理地利用长江中下游湿地资源，开拓新的生产力；同时加强湿地科学研究。

In the paper, the authors select 13 index, and use the method of fuzzy cluster analysis for regionalizing synthetical agricultural natural disaster in Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province.

选取13个指标，运用模糊聚类方法进行了云南金沙江流域综合农业自然灾害区划，将该流域划分为3个农业自然灾害区、10个农业自然灾害灾害亚区，揭示了该流域农业自然灾害的地域差异性，为因地制宜地制定农业自然灾害防治规划及减灾防灾措施提供了科学依据。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。