流域

An assessment index system of supervene eco-environment was established,and the present state of supergene eco-environment was assessed as well.

以秃尾河流域为例，从地下水与表生生态环境关系的野外调查入手，以地下水为主线，在深入分析流域表生生态环境问题的驱动力的基础上，建立了流域表生生态环境递阶层次评价指标体系，并对流域表生生态环境现状进行了评价。

Based on field investigation and historical data analyzing, the characteristics and causes of flood disasters of Qinba Mountain area were discussed in this paper. Take the harnessed Watershed and unharnessed Watershed as comparative study objects, through analzing the two typical watershed land using and rainfall-runoff dynamic data, combinating the in-situ soil infiltration field testing, a rainfall-runoff model of small watershed which was appropriate to Qinba Mountain areas was built based on improving the SCS model. And then the influence of soil and water conservation measures on the flood processes was analysed.

本文通过野外调查与历史调查资料，阐述了秦巴山地区洪水灾害的特点及成因，以治理流域与未治理流域为对比研究对象，通过对两条典型流域的土地利用状况分析，结合土壤入渗原位测试，充分利用降雨、径流动态观测资料，以SCS模型模拟降雨径流为重点，建立适合于秦巴山地区小流域的降雨径流计算模型，分析水土保持措施对于洪水的作用过程。

The angiospermae flora of Dongjiang valley is analyzed, including the geographical distribution pattern, the same and difference between the flora of Dongjiang and other floras, then the origination of flora of Dognjiang and the boundaties are discussed, finally the vegetative types of it were also described.

本文为广东省东江流域的植物区系分析，全文分析了东江流域植物区系成分的地理分布区类型，阐述了该区系与不同地区植物区系的异同与联系，探讨了东江流域植物区系的起源和区系的地理归属问题，并对东江流域的植被类型作了概述。

Third, introducing the evaluation theory of ecosystem service, it set up an appraisable system of ecosystem service values of water resources, which is specially carried on to Haihe Basin too. Fourth, it coupled the evaluation theory of ecological service function and the holistic analysis model of water resources carrying capacity for a try, and then set up the analysis mechanism of regional macro-economy, water resources and ecological environment, which carried on a preliminary research of carrying capacity of ecological environment of water resources in Haihe Basin.

第二，建立了水资源承载能力分析模型，针对海河流域进行专门的分析，提出流域合理的经济社会发展规划参考目标，第三，引入生态系统服务功能价值理论，建立了水资源生态系统服务功能价值评价体系，并在海河流域内进行实践应用，第四，将生态服务功能价值理念与水资源承载能力分析模型进行尝试性的耦合，初步提出基于区域宏观经济、水资源及生态环境分析机制的流域的水资源生态环境承载能力分析框架。

Key: As we all know in history of mankind there appeared the Mesopotamian civilizat ion in West Asia, the ancient Egyptian civilization along the Nile in North Af rica, the ancient Greek-Roman civilization along the northern bank of the Medi terranean, the ancient Indian civilization in the Indus River Valley in South Asia, and the Chinese civilization originating in the Yellow and Yangtze River Valleys.

大家知道，在人类发展史上，曾经出现过西亚两河流域的巴比伦文明，北非尼罗河流域的古埃及文明，地中海北岸的古希腊——罗马文明，南亚印度河流域的古文明，发源于黄河——长江流域的中华文明，等等。

Because change of volume reflected eroding process of watershed and surface change reflected change of topography surface, this model described relationship between watershed topograph and erosion.iv As a quantitative index of wateshed topography, topograph fractal demension can represent surface shape information of watershed topography in the round. Reseach find that watershed model and actual watershed show good fractal character. Topography fractal dimension related with process of development of watershed physiognomy and represented degree of watershed development, v Sediment yield intensity of watershed model reflected erosion characteristic of watershed model in different development phase.

流域模型产沙强度的变化反映了流域模型在不同发育阶段的侵蚀特征，模拟试验研究结果表明：在整个流域模型地貌地貌的发育过程中，其产沙强度呈现由小到大，然后又逐渐减小的总体趋势，流域模型单位降雨产沙率及平均输沙率与地形分维数表现为Gaussian模型关系，其关系形式与结论3中相对体积和表面积之间关系相似，进一步说明了以地形分维数表达地形变化的合理性。

This paper puts forward a method that automatically extracts drainages in China from DEM data.

该方法利用1：25万DEM数据，首先将全国流域划分为14大流域片，并在每一流域片内分别提取流域。

On the other hand, this article listed the AML code for automated extraction drainages from DEM data. Finally the authors checked the result of automated extraction using some surveyed data in Haihe drainage area. Through analysis on the comparison between the flow networks and drainage area that extracted using this method and surveyed data, it is concluded that this method is effective and efficient.

另外，还给出了利用GIS软件ARC/INFO GRID提取全国流域的AML程序代码，并以海河流域作为实验区将抽样测量结果和自动提取结果进行了实验对比分析，其结果表明利用该方法提取的流域数据与利用手工方法绘制的流域基本一致，证明该方法是有效的。

First of all, we try to outline the distribution and spread of the Buddhism in Huaihe river valley by the study of the Buddhism temples, josses, sculptures on the cliff; the degree of the development of Buddhism; and the relations between the Buddhism and classes in society. Secondly, in order to know the status and influence of the Buddhism in Huaihe river valley of that time in the history of Chinese Buddhism, we study the communication in Buddhism between Huaihe river valley and other area, and its effect to the development of the Buddhism of the Sui dynasty and the Tang dynasty. Finally, we researched the non-religious social activities of the monks in the fangji jobs and in the war.

首先通过对佛寺、佛像、摩崖等佛教要素的分布，佛教义学发展所达到的高度以及佛教与社会各阶层的关系等的考察，力图对佛教在南北朝时期淮河流域的分布与传播形成一个总体性的认识；其次通过南北朝淮河流域与其它地区在佛教上的交流以及其地佛教与隋唐佛教关系的考察，来认识南北朝淮河流域的佛教在中国佛教史上所占据的地位及其影响；最后通过对僧人从事方技以及与参与战争等本身不具宗教性色彩的社会活动的一些个案考察，来丰富对南北朝淮河流域僧人乃至佛教的认识。

Thus in the dawn of time, river civilizationsflourished in the old world: Chinese civilization along the Yellow River; pre-Indian along the Indus; Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian on the Euphrates and the Tigrist Egyptian on the Nile.

在人类历史萌芽的古代世界，河流文明繁荣发展，譬如黄河流域的中华文明，印度河流域的古印度文明，幼发拉底河和底格里斯两河流域的苏美尔、巴比伦及亚述文明，尼罗河流域的古埃及文明。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷