流域

By using a method of theoretical analysis combining with practical application, the author studies the theory and methodology of taking a river basin as an integral unit to manage water environment in the background of administrative regional management, so as to provide a guidance to implement river basin management.

本文采用理论与实践相结合的方法，探讨了在行政区域管理体制背景下的江河流域水环境管理的原理与方法，以便为实施流域水环境管理提供理论与方法上的指导。

Severe freshwater resource in Beijing seriously restricts peoples life, development of economy and Olympic Games of 2008 year. In order to protect water quality and achieve persistent use of Miyun Reservoir, we should exert ourselves to govern dot polluting resources, cut down side polluting resourcesand interior polluting resources, regulate economic structure of vally, achieve to good cycle of ecological system.

北京市紧缺的淡水资源在严重制约着人民生活、经济发展和2008年奥运会的举办，为保护水质，涵养水源，实现密云水库有限水资源的可持续利用，应当政府重视、社会各界、京内京外共同努力治理点污染源，控制、削减面污染源和内污染源，调整流域经济结构，扩大生态农业，逐步实现流域生态系统的良性循环。

No.31small watershed based on plant was affected people's interfere more and faced more environment effect. Watershed system instructive intend irrationality, and function misadjust, and health general; 3 No.34 small watershed based on woodland was affected people's interfere less and faced less environment effect.

以耕地为主的小流域31受到人类活动干扰的影响大，面临的外界压力大，在强大的外界压力作用下，流域生态系统的内部结构倾向不合理，功能严重失调，恢复能力差，变化大，目前健康状态一般，但如果不进行科学的利用和保护，土壤肥力将进一步下降，最终将会严重影响国民经济的发展，人民生活水平的提高。

This study provided technical reference for water environment improvement in other watersheds in the north of China.

在国内外水环境治理经验的基础上，结合北京市和温榆河流域现状，笔者对温榆河流域水环境综合治理对策进行了积极有效的探索。

The design flood of Eco-industrial Parks in Handan is studied in the paper.According to characteristics of hydrology and geography in the area of Eco-industrial Parks,the basin is divided into four subareas and the design floods in different subzones are calculated using precipitation and runoff data.

根据工程所在流域实际地理、水文等特点，将流域分为4个分区，利用降雨和流量资料推求出工程所在区域不同分区的设计洪水，而后利用马斯京根法和流量过程叠加原理得到目标断面设计洪峰流量1 132 m3/s，该结果与历史洪水和以往设计成果进行对比验证，确定计算结果合理可靠，符合未来洪水变化情势。

According to the basic principles of International Water Law,"Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin"signed by four riparians of Lower Mekong which will affect the development of Mekong River,and the effects are analyzed in detailed,it is considered that the downstream countries will getmore benefits and have less obligations according to the Agreement,but the upstream countries areon the contrary,at same time,some of articles in the Agreement have ambiguous means so as toaffect the implementation,like as the articles of"Decision of Joint Committee","WaterUtilization and Inter-Basin Diversions","Emergency Situations"and so on,the rules will affectthe development of Lancang River Basin,likes:information sharing,international cooperation,water pollution and so on.

一些条款规定精确性不够将影响其可操作性，如&湄委会的决议&条款、&水资源利用及流域间分流规定&、&紧急情况&等。协定可能影响我国澜沧江流域开发的主要条款有：资料共享、国际合作、水污染、否决权及已有项目自然有效问题等。

Hen the coupling model of RIEMS and TOPX was still online tested in Jinghe basin. By means of the scale transformation scheme on topographic index and the yielding and runoff routing theory, the coupling model uses the meteorological data simulated by a regional climate model to drive the hydrological model for predicting the daily runoff at large-scale watershed.

OPX与RIEMS的耦合模式在泾河流域进行了在线测试，借助TOPX模型中的地形指数降尺度转换和水文过程产汇流机制，耦合模式实现了利用区域气候模式模拟的气象资料来驱动水文模型进行大尺度流域日径流量的模拟。

Taihu Basin has about 14,541 km~2 polders,which take up 51% of the land area in its land plain.

太湖流域现有圩区总面积约14541平方公里，占流域平原陆域面积的51％。

The System inset remote sense vector data and GIS vector data in drainage area into client programs programmed, realizing the application of remote sense vector data and GIS vector data in water resources management of Xinjiang Ma-na-si River irrigation area, and realizing the integrated management of the texts and maps of the water resources survey data, and spatial analysis and map edit functions of GIS as well. The system, which breaks away the platform of MapInfo, can run independently.

该系统将流域中的遥感栅格数据与GIS矢量数据集成嵌入到所编制的客户程序中，实现遥感数据和GIS数据在新疆玛纳斯河流域水资源管理中的应用，和水资源调查数据图文一体化的管理，同时具备了GIS的空间分析和图形编辑等功能，该系统能脱离Mapinfo软件平台独立运行。

The key technologies of Grid Method including grid divided in basin, impact radius of rainfall and number of reference rainfall stations have been discussed with example. The parameters of Grid Method have been selected through trial and error. Using simple random sampling to simulate the failure to collect rainfall, the relation between surface rainfall calculation error and station density, station distribution, uneven spatial distribution of rainfall has been sought.

论文探讨了流域网格剖分、降雨影响半径、搜索半径范围和参证站数量等关键技术，研究了网格法参数的优选，并采用简单随机抽样模拟降雨缺测情况，给出了面雨量计算误差与流域站网密度、均匀度、降雨分布不均匀性指标的关系。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。