流域

The core issue of nutrient control was focused and the dynamic studies on phosphorus pollution of the whole watershed were conduced: 1 to highlight the non-point source pollution control, which is the difficulties research subject of water resource protection; 2 to perfect the calculation method for phosphate input and output, providing important basis on decision making for nutrient control; 3 to establish database and water quality model, to predict the water quality response after different phosphorus control schemes realized; 4 to determine admissible phosphorus loading and control standard according to the quantitative relationship between the external force function (mainly the exotic nutrient salt concentration or loading) and internal nutrient state response, and to work out the effective and practical techniques for eutrophication control.

围绕营养盐控制的核心问题，进行全流域范围磷污染的动态研究：1）突出了目前我国水资源保护研究难点—非点源污染控制；2）完善了流域水库磷盐收支计算方法，为流域营养盐控制决策提供了重要依据；3）建立数据库和水质模型，预测了在实施不同磷削减控制方案后流域供水水质的响应情况；4）根据湖泊外力函数（主要是外来营养盐浓度或负荷）与湖库内营养状态响应间的定量关系，确定了磷允许负荷量及控制标准，提出了有效的富营养化控制实用技术。

Significant improvements to the TOPMODEL were made on the distributed computation of runoff yield in the mesh scale which is equivalent to that of DEM in one hand,and an isochrones hydrograph was calibrated from rainfallrunoff observations for watershed convergence simulations on the other hand.These improvements were made to enhance the simulation ability of the TOPMODEL,meanwhile to extend the model′s adoptability in rainfallrunoff simulations to middle and large scale watersheds.

考虑到流域地形、下垫面条件及流域气象条件的空间差异性，将TOPMODEL的产流计算细化到每个栅格，以改进模型的分布式计算，并在考虑地形坡度影响的情况下，根据降水-径流资料优选出的参数率定等流时线、利用率定的等流时线进行流域的汇流计算，以提升TOPMODEL在中、大尺度流域模拟演算的能力。

By considering the trait of the artery and anabranch of the Three-Gorges reservoir and analyzing the environmental elements influencing the growth of the algae, we improved on thenutrition dynamic model of the algae"s growth, carried on computer numerical value simulating on the evolvement process of the eutrophication of the Wujiang River, the Hanjiang River and the Three Gorges reservoir by cell mapping algorithm and revealed the dynamics action and mutation forms in the process of the valleys" algae blooms and the relationship between the major elements influencing the algaes growth and the model surge function.

本文结合三峡水库干、支流水体环境特点，通过对影响流域水体藻类生长的环境因素进行分析，改进藻类生长营养动力学模型，并利用胞映射算法对乌江、汉江和库区流域富营养化演化性态进行了计算机数值模拟和仿真分析，揭示流域水华发生过程的动力学行为、混沌性态和流域水质中主要藻类生长控制因子与模型振荡函数间的关系。

Time series simulations are consistent with sediment records from lake bottom cores back to 100 years ago, and spatial distribution modeling of nutrient resources are agreement with changes in the geographical features. The work suggests that the simulations can catch basic characters of the basin nutrient changes, and provides a powerful tool to evaluate nutrient resources, sedimentations and distributions responding to historical changes in catchment environments.

模拟总氮和总磷浓度与太湖沉积钻孔沉积样推算的水体含量的数量级和变化范围相当，太湖流域的营养盐空间来源模拟也能够与流域自然地理变化吻合，表明模拟能够捕捉到流域营养盐历史变化特征，对湖泊营养物质来源、沉积和空间分布的流域环境历史变化响应具有良好模拟能力。

William Blomquist, Consuelo Giansante, Anjali Bhat, Karin Kemper, Institutional and Policy Analysis of River Basin Management-The Guadalquivir River Basin, Spain, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3526, February 2005

这里选择了两条在我国国内研究环境法文献中较少引用的河流的管理体制来作比较，主要是因为与经常引用作为比较的田纳西流域、墨累－达令流域以及日本、新西兰等国的流域管理体制而言，这两条河的流域管理机构有着和中国的长江水利委员会更接近的法律地位和性质

Agricultural drought on farmland or basin,which restricted by climate, geo logy,hydrography, soil moisture,plants, cultivation and water allocation etc.,is a complicated system.

农业干旱模型可用于农业干旱评价。本文对辽河流域六个区，海滦河流域九个区，黄河流域三个区，长江流域九个区P=50%，P=75%，保证率下农业干旱状况进行评价。

At the same time of changing watershed intrinsic natural relation, people destroyed its crude system. Watershed is faced with more and more serious crisis in water environment and water lack, which result in water quality worsened, more sandiness, reservoir silted.

人类改变流域原有的自然联系的同时，也破坏了流域天然系统，使流域面临着愈演愈烈的水生态环境危机和严重的水资源短缺问题，从而导致流域上游水质恶化，河流含沙量加大，中下游水库淤积严重。

The paper analyses the present situation of seconde songhuajiang river basin water resources artificial control based on the introduction of watershed water resources system controlled by artificial groundwater storage, puts forward some important artificial storage systems accouding to hydrogeological characteristics, analyses separately water volume balance storage model and benefit.

本文在简要介绍了地下水人工调蓄对流域水资源系统的控制的基础上，对第二松花江流域水资源人工控制的现状进行了分析，根据流域水文地质特征，提出了几个重要的人工调蓄系统，并分别对各系统进行水量平衡、调蓄模式和效益分析，从而得出用地下水人工调蓄对二松流域水资源系统进行控制是可行的结论。

By collecting and treating the natural, social and economic conditions as well as other related information based on RS, GIS and other integrated technology. Analyzing the variance and division status of forest productivity, division of forest site, available quantities and natural quality of forest resources in Minjiang watershed. On the above researches, the evaluation was launched to the utilization suitability and adjusting of forest resources, which provided the stagy and technology about reasonably utilizing the forest resources in Minjiang watershed.

本文主要借助遥感和地理信息系统及其它集成技术，收集并处理闽江流域自然条件和社会经济状况以及相关资料信息，对福建省闽江流域森林生产力空间分异及分区状况、森林立地类型的划分、森林资源的可利用数量、自然品质等方面进行专题分析研究，在此基础上对闽江流域森林资源利用的适宜度进行评价和调整，为闽江流域森林资源合理利用提供决策和技术支持。

The digital watershed model of Yellow River is based on digital elevation model and the classification theory of drainage network.

黄河数字流域模型以DEM数据及其存取系统为依托，以流域分级理论为依据，将坡面、小流域、区域、全流域四个层次的模型整合成一个完整的流域整体模型。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷