流化

Under the circumstances, this dissertation chooses the key problem in urban traffic signal control-signal timing parameters and optimization methods as its research target. This dissertation is consisted of introduction, run characteristic analyze of mixed traffic flow, collection of database, canalization design, design of signal phase, optimization methods of signal timing parameters of mixed traffic, and conclusion and expectation.

在这种背景下，本论文选择城市交通控制系统的核心问题——信号配时参数及其优化方法作为主要研究内容，包括绪论、混合交通流运行特性分析、数据采集与分析、渠化设计及信号相位设计、混合交通流信号配时优化方法研究和全文总结与展望六部分内容。

Electrical Resistance Tomography is a novel cross section measurement technology developed in recent years. It can achieve the visualization measurement of multi-phase media component parameter in the closed pipe and process vessel inside. It is adequate for two/multi phase flow process that the conductive liquid is continuous phase.

电阻层析成像(Electrical Resistance Tomography，简称ERT)技术是近年来发展起来的一种高新检测技术，可实现对封闭的管道或过程容器设备内部多相组份物质参数的可视化测量，适用于两相流/多相流中以液相为连续相的生产过程，是过程层析成像技术中的一个研究热点。

The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing deforming temperature and increases with increasing strain rate. The flow stress of the alloy during hot compression deformation can be described by constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function with a hot deformation activation energy of 196.27 kJ/mol. Partial recystallization takes place in the alloys deformed at a high temperature or at a low strain rate, and large number of dislocations and subgrains are observed in the alloy. The elongated grains observed in the samples coarsen with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Correspondingly, the subgrain size increases and the dislocation density decreases. The main soften mechanism of the alloy transforms from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization.

结果表明：Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金在热压缩变形中的流变应力随着温度的升高而减小，随着应变速率的增大而增大；该合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述，其变形激活能为196.27kJ/mol；在变形温度较高或应变速率较低的合金中发生部分再结晶，并且在合金组织中存在大量的位错和亚晶；随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低，合金中拉长的晶粒发生粗化，亚晶尺寸增大，位错密度减小，合金的主要软化机制逐步由动态回复转变为动态再结晶。

This paper gives some commensurable researches utilizing experiment combining theory. The whole paper consists of the theoretical and experimental researches. The first part consists of the fundamental study of foamed acid, the flowage of foamed acid as a Non-Newton fluid in the pipe and annular pipe, and the technology of acidification using foamed acid; and the experimental study includes the formula experiment of foamed acid, the Rheological behavior of foamed acid, the seepage and divided flow in the corn of foam, and appraisal experiment of foamed acid.

本论文采用实验和理论结合的方法，开展了相应的研究工作，主要包括两大部分内容：一是理论研究，包括泡沫酸的基本性质、泡沫酸流体作为可压缩非牛顿流体在井筒和环空中的流动规律、以及泡沫酸酸化工艺等方面的理论研究；二是实验研究，包括泡沫酸的稳定性配方、泡沫酸的流变特性、泡沫流体渗流规律和暂堵分流特性、泡沫酸室内评价等室内实验。

The dynamic flow profile inside a conically shaped column for preparative liquid chromatography was studied by using a self-made device where the movement of acolored sample in the column could be observed clearly and truly.

利用自制的台锥形色谱柱内谱带流型可视化研究装置，对台锥形色谱柱内样品谱带的流型进行研究。

It connects different factories or enterprises by the way of transmitting material flow or energy flow, to form industrial symbiosis networks by sharing the resource and mutual exchange by-products. Under this pattern,"by-product" of one producing process may be the raw material of another process. In order to explore material closed circular, energy conservation system and minimum discharge of the waste, it set up the circular pathway by imitating the natural circular system as"producer—consumer-- decomposer"in the industrial system.

它通过物质流或能量流传递等方式把不同工厂或企业连接起来，形成共享资源和互换副产品的产业共生组合，使一家工厂的废弃物或副产品成为另一家工厂的原料或能源，模拟自然循环系统，在产业系统中建立"生产者—消费者—分解者"的循环途径，寻求物质闭路循环、能量多级利用和废物产生最小化。

E. thickness of the copper wire wall, length of the single conductor wire, height of the solenoid, the exciting current and the current density, the working temperature of the conductor, time of exciting and demagnetizing, the cooling water pressure and flux density, etc..

所建立的数学模型包含3个目标函数（即能耗极小化目标函数、铜耗极小化目标函数和纯铁用量极小化目标函数）、7个设计变量（即铜管规格参数a、b、t，线圈匝数N〓、N〓，铁铠磁通密度B〓和冷却水压p）和8类14个约束条件（即铜管壁厚、单饼导线长度、螺线管高度、激磁电流与电流密度、导体工作温度、激退磁时间，冷却水压和铁铠磁通密度等约束条件）。

Due to food pressure, grain product in the western Jilin Province will be enhanced in the near future. Farmland areas in the area will be decreased slowly in the near future, but with the technique development of irrigation establishment, paddy areas and utilization amount of fertilizer and pesticides will be increased rapidly. So, the NPS pollution from farmland will be more serious. The main lakes in the areas such as Moon Lake and Qagan Lake have been polluted by N and P, and the content of salt in the Nenjiang River has been increasing since last 30 years. All of these show that the negative effects of NPS pollution in the area have been serious and should not be neglected by the scientific research and corresponding government management. To deal with the contradiction of agriculture development and water pollution, the trend of increasing paddy area and using amount of fertilizer, pesticide and herbcide in the western Jilin Province should be controlled. Also, the drainage of return flow from paddy should be controlled and return flow should be disposed with ecotechniques by use of the large areas of lakes and mires in the area. Through these measures, the quality of surface water could be protected and the degeneration of ecoenvironment in the area could be contained.

我国由于粮食压力，未来吉林西部的粮食生产还将进一步加强，随着种植业结构的调整，垦殖率会略有下降，但随灌溉设施的建设与完善，水田面积将进一步扩大，化肥、农药的用量还将快速增加，农业活动引起的非点源污染将更加突出，而研究区的主要湖泊月亮湖、查干湖目前已达中等富营氧化水平，嫩江水质的咸化趋势明显，因此农田非点源污染物的流失及其内流区外流化面积的增加对地表水体富营养化、咸化的作用愈来愈明显，农田非点源对地表水水质的影响已不容忽视，应引起社会的关注，为协调农业发展与水污染这一矛盾，吉林西部应遏制化肥、农药施用量增长过快和水田过度开发的势头，控制洗盐回归水的排放量，利用区内广泛分布的大量泡沼对农田径流和回归水进行生态处理，既保护了地表水的水质，又有利于生态环境的改善。

In order to study the cavitation flow in a centrifugal pump, numerical simulation of steady cavitating turbulent flow in a specific speed 95 centrifugal pump was carried out by using a full cavitation model and a mixing two-phase flow model.

为了研究离心泵内的空化流动，将完整空化模型和混合流体两相流模型相结合，对比转速为95的离心泵叶轮在设计工况下的空化流动进行数值模拟。

Aiming to a method for the synthesis of silicon nitride powder by direct nitridation process based on fluidization technology, a two-dimensional mathematical model of thermal process in a suspended bed was established, the thermal process was simulated based on the commercial CFD software FLUENT, and the effects of the flow velocity of nitrogen gas, the ratio of particle to gas and nitridation temperature on the temperature of the bed and the conversion rate of silicon were analyzed.

针对基于流态化技术利用硅粉直接氮化合成氮化硅粉的新工艺，建立了悬浮床内热过程的二维数学模型，并借助CFD商业软件FLUENT对悬浮床内热过程进行了数值模拟，分析了氮气速度、粉气比和氮化温度等因素对温度场和硅转化率的影响。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。