流动点

Base on the systematically geological investigation and study, we choose to use aremote sensing data source,the geography control data source(1:50,000relief map of Qiaojia and measured GPS ) as the data source of this research, adopt"Digital Landslide"processing image data, and carry on time-space analysiscombining geological investigation and related data. Application aerodynamicist theories, some important conclusions that obtained from the wind-tunnel experiment,and according to the time –space analysis result, we analyzed the landslide dammingmovement mechanism, presumed the movement format of this high-speed landslide,studied the formation mechanism and the movement characteristic of this landslide ,calculated it's movement equation, applied VC language to write calculationprocedure of each stage of the landslide, computed movement speed and displacement,and made sure its possible stop district.

本文在前人研究的基础上，选用遥感数据源、地理控制数据源(1：5万巧家幅地形图及实测GPS点)为本研究的数据源，采用"数字滑坡"技术处理图像数据，结合野外实地考察及相关资料对石膏地滑坡进行了时空分析；运用空气动力学理论，采用胡厚田等人在风洞实验中得出的许多重要结论，根据时空分析结果分析滑坡的运动机理，推测高速滑坡的运动模式；研究石膏地滑坡的形成机理、运动特征及运动方程，并用C++语言在VC开发环境中编写滑坡各阶段的计算程序，计算滑坡的流动速度及运动位移，确定其可能的停止区域。

It is shown that the experiments were done with good repeatability and the tested results of air age were reasonable, which indicate the flow pattern and freshness of the outdoor air in the ventilated space.

实验结果表明，示踪气体用于强制通风研究时实验可重复性较好，实验结果正确合理，测得的空气龄反映了房间各点空气的新鲜程度，也提示了室内空气的流动形态。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

It is proposed that the appearance of a new kind of mud additive can not represent the formation of a new mud system . The main influence factors of flow resistance at drill bit nozzle are solid content , particle size distribution and hydrophilicity of solid . It is not suitable to use high shear viscosity of both Casson rheology model and determined to predict drilling efficiency .

全面、系统地论述了处理剂和泥浆体系的关系；聚合物的使用浓度应突破全絮凝点，实现低固相应以发挥聚合物的抑制作用为主，絮凝作用为辅；影响钻头水眼处流动阻力的主要因素是泥浆中的固相含量、粒度分布及固相的亲水性，用η_∞代表钻头水眼粘度是欠妥的；聚合物泥浆处理剂的发展主要是开发新的单体和研究新的复配物。

I argue in my paper that there are two states of time running through Tsai Ming Liang's movie, What Time is it There, a fluid state symbolized by the prevalence of water in the movie and a static state, symbolized by digital time, also highlighted in the movie: the clepsydra versus digital time in Taiwan is a symptom of Taiwan's particular historical experience of being a state of exception, as Giorgio Agamben would have it.

我在文中的论点为，蔡明亮电影《你那边几点？》全片由两种不同的时间状态贯穿而成，其一为流动的时间，以电影里随处可见的流水作为象徵，另一则是静止的时间状态，作为象徵的是片中亦不断强调突显的数位时间。就台湾的脉络而言，水钟与数位时间所形成的对比，症候式地再现了台湾作为阿冈本所称的「例外状态」特殊的历史经验。

Both the scattering and rheological results indicated that the phenomenon similar to"double cloud point", which has been found along the vorticity direction by previous studies, could be also observed in the velocity direction, which confirms the prediction of the above theory that the polymer blend will exhibit anisotropical complex phase diagram under shear. It's also found that the mixing along vorticity direction was reduced by weak shear but enhanced by strong shear. In addition, the more remarkable the molecular weight differences between components, the more prominent the shift of the apparent phase boundary along vorticity direction.

除了以往研究发现涡流方向存在&双浊点&现象以外在，本文的光散射和流变测试均显示，剪切场下体系在流动方向上也出现了类似&双浊点&的现象，证实了上述理论模型关于剪切场会导致二元高聚物共混体系出现各向异性的复杂表观相图（例如Miscibility Gap现象）的预测；同时发现弱剪切会导致体系涡流方向上的相容性减小，而强剪切则在该方向上增强相容性；另外，两组分分子量的差异越大，表观相界的移动越显著。

Seven cases with portal vein tumor thrombus were diagnosed by CO2-hepatic arterio-sonography (CO2-HAS). Their ultrasonographic features of CO2-HAS were as follows: several seconds after the injection of CO2 microbubble contrast, bright cloudy flowing echoes or several flowing echo stripes along the long axis of portal vein were seen in tumor thrombus. During interrupted phase of CO2 contrast injection there were still scattered unflowing bright echoes in tumor thrombus.

应用二氧化碳(CO2)肝动脉造影诊断 7 例门静脉癌栓，其造影增强声像图表现为：注射CO2微泡造影剂数秒钟后即可见癌栓光团弥漫性光点闪动，似白云翻滚或门脉实体回声内有数条和门静脉管径长轴平行的微气泡光带流动，停止注射后门静脉实体回声内仍有弥漫性非流动性增强光点，持续时间较长。

Seven cases with portal vein tumor thrombus were diagnosed by CO2-hepatic arterio-sonography (CO2-HAS). Their ultrasonographic features of CO2-HAS were as follows: several seconds after the injection of CO2 microbubble contrast, bright cloudy flowing echoes or several flowing echo stripes along the long axis of portal vein were seen in tumor thrombus. During interrupted phase of CO2 contrast injection there were still scattered unflowing bright echoes in tumor thrombus.

中华超声影像学杂志/980401 摘要应用二氧化碳(CO2)肝动脉造影诊断 7 例门静脉癌栓，其造影增强声像图表现为：注射CO2微泡造影剂数秒钟后即可见癌栓光团弥漫性光点闪动，似白云翻滚或门脉实体回声内有数条和门静脉管径长轴平行的微气泡光带流动，停止注射后门静脉实体回声内仍有弥漫性非流动性增强光点，持续时间较长。

Found that because the narrowness of the channel, compared with large channel, there have a great difference in bubble behavior and relative character, when used Bowering relation to predict theONB point, this paper given a correlation of C1 = 103.736 Res -0.8 Eu-0.123 to modify theBowering relation to consider the influence of flow velocity and pressure on ONB point.

发现由于流道狭窄，汽泡行为及相关特性等与大流道相比有很大不同，使用Bowering关系式预测过冷流动沸腾起始点时，本文提出了一与流道内的流速和压力条件紧密相关的修正系数C_1，得到了关系式C_1=10~(3.736) Re_s~(-0.8) Eu~(-0.123)，弥补了Bowering关系式中没有考虑流速和压力等因素对沸腾起始点影响的不足。

Combining with the analysis of flow pattern transition, the input water cut at phase inversion point is around 60%. The relational equations that water holdup is influenced by input water cut and mixture velocity are obtained before and after phase inversion point.

但随着入口体积含水率的增加，在一定的折算气液速的条件下，压力梯度出现了与转相相关的峰值特性，由峰值对应的液相入口体积含水率确定转相点对应的液相体积含水率为40%，明显低于油水两相流动时的转相点(入口体积含水率约为60%)。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。