流动

Flow disciplinarian of different PH indicator polymer solution and newtonianliquid in annulus line had been studied, and found speed distributing, vortex,streamline of annulus line, analytic flow field distributing in annulus and eccentricsituation and compared the results with prevenient schloar, some results different fromprevenient results are get, shch as the relation of average velocity and maxiumvelocity is not less with the viscosity exponent under the annular line, the fluid speedaffect the relation.

应用 PIV 分别研究了不同浓度的聚合物溶液以及牛顿流体在垂直环空管道中的流动规律，得到了环空管道中流体的速度分布情况、涡量情况、流线情况，分析了同心和偏心情况下环空管道内的流场分布规律，并与前人的计算结果进行了比较，得出了一些与以前不同的结论：同心情况下平均流速与最大流速的关系，并不是完全与粘性指数 n 值有关系，还与管道内流动的流动速度有关系，当速度较小时，两者的差别就小，速度大时，不符合这种规律。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

But in practical application, the results of calculation usually have a greater difference from reality, which are mainly the following several points: it is thought that single-phase to flow for fluid in the formula, and multiphase flow exists actually; also the impact of the pressure drop in horizontal section and the wellhole completion forms on the deliverability are not included, as well as the bottom water coning is a complex question affecting well deliverability.

但在实际应用中，计算结果与实际往往存在较大的差别，其原因是：公式推导中假设流体流动是单相流动，而实际地层往往是油水两相流动；公式中没有考虑水平井筒内压降的影响；不同的完井方式所对应的表皮系数不同，对产能影响也较大。

Gramineae and Compositae by the shifting sand to the fixed sandy land, the species of which changed greatly, that indicated they were playing a great role in the recovery of the sands. Asclepiadaceae plants could serve as a indicative plants to distinguish between the types of shifting sand and other sand; Portulacaceae and Bibgnoniaceae plants, which appeared only in the fixed sandy land, has become a landmark to determine the fixed sand plants. In addition to artificially plant Caragana spp. and Artemisia spp.

豆科和藜科植物作为流动沙地的先锋物种，表现出较强的适应能力；禾本科和菊科植物由流动沙地到固定沙地，其种类变化较大，表明其在沙地恢复中发挥着巨大的作用；萝摩科植物可作为区分流动沙地和其它沙地类型的指示性植物；马齿苋科和紫薇科植物仅在固定沙地中出现，已成为判断固定沙地的标志性植物。

The optimum condition was determined via orthogonal experiments, and the result shows that the technology of bile extraction and purification adopts 10L chromato bar with 3L bile, gel silica as fixed phase, the mixed chloroform and isopropanol as mobile phase, gradient elution with mobile phase (the mobile phase ratio in extraction of cholalic acid and glycocholic acid is 4:1 , and then becomes 3:2 in extraction of glycocholic acid and glycocholic acid), and eluting velocity of 3～5mL/s .

采用正交试验筛选了柱层析最佳条件，以容积为10L的层析柱进行分离纯化，固定相为硅胶，流动相为氯仿和正丁醇混合溶剂，一次装样量3000mL胆汁，流动相采用梯度洗脱，先按4：1比例分离胆酸和甘氨胆酸，然后按3：2比例分离甘氨胆酸和牛磺胆酸，流动相洗脱速度为3～5mL/s。

The interior flow of pump is the quite complicated turbulent flow. It is affected not only by the circumrotation and the surface curvature of impeller, but also by the sandy materials, even has the backflow and disengaged flow. They are one of the rather complicated numerical calculations in the fluid engineering field.

离心泵的内部流动是很复杂的湍流流动，同时由于受旋转、叶片表面曲率和泥沙颗粒的影响，还拌有脱流、回流等流动现象，是流体工程中较难的试验研究和数值计算问题之一。

Exploiting the high temperature fluxion character of grate cooler clinker, the filling state during entire colling process can be determined. Then impact on the control model can be analyzed introducing by the fluctuating of the clinker's thinkness and diameter. a modeling method with three dimensions division is proposed. The Longbeige step-changing dichotomy is used to optimize the division time toward z direction. Then the mass balance and heat balance analysis for every cell derived from clinker's three dimentions division is presented. Finally, the clinker temperature field's unitary control model with deducing in x, y, z direction separately is constructed.

从篦冷机熟料的高温流动特性入手，确定熟料在流动过程中的填充状态，分析熟料厚度与颗粒直径波动对控制模型影响，提出对篦冷机熟料采用三维分割的思想进行建模；设计了基于龙贝格变步长的三维分割算法，对z方向的分割次数进行优化；分析流动状态下熟料微元的质量平衡与热平衡关系，分别沿x、y、z方向递推，建立篦冷机熟料整体控制模型。

All these factors are concluded into three main aspects: structural factors, personal factors, and housing factors. The influences of these factors on residential mobiliby in urban China after Reform and Open are analyzed in depictive way and quantitative way by the results of questionnaires.

第三章是对居住流动影响因素的剖析，将居住流动影响因素归纳为结构性因素、个人因素和住房因素三个主要方面，定性地分析它们对改革开放以来中国城市中居住流动的影响，并结合问卷调查结果，进行了定量的描述。

Based on detailed analysis of diphasic flow simulation experimental data, the equations for calculation of slippage velocity in diphasic flows of gas-liquid and oil-water are established.

在两相流动模拟实验数据分析的基础上，提出油水两相和气液两相流动的滑脱速度的实验关系，进而确定垂直井两相流动生产测井解释的滑动模型。

This paper is about the hydrodynamics of blood in flow channel on the principle of hydrodynamics, and the hydrodynamics equations of Newton-fluid and Casson-fluid in rectangle channel. It also includes the studies of the diphasic flow. The fluid model selection is discussed from the examples in the hemorheology studies using flow channel technique.

本文用流体动力学原理，研究了流动渠道中的血流动力学问题，分别推导了牛顿流体、Casson流体在矩形渠道中的流体动力学方程，文中还对流动渠道内的二相流问题进行研究，并就血液流变学研究中利用流动渠道技术的应用实例，讨论了流体模型选择问题

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。