流体运动的

Considering the influence of fluid's viscosity and large amplitude slosh, the 3-dimension coupling system composed of uncompressible viscous fluid and ideal elastic structure is studied in this paper. The moving state of the interface between the fluid and the structure is analyzed, and the boundary's moving condition (i.e. displacement compatibility) and dynamic condition (i.e. traction equilibrium) are given.

本文探讨了计入流体的粘性、大幅晃动影响，不可压缩粘性流体与弹性体的三维动力耦合问题，分析了流体、固体接触界面的运动状态，给出了其运动和动力边界条件，即位移一致性和作用力平衡条件。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

The influences of Darcy number and inertia parameter on the velocity profile of the structural flow are analyzed,and it is shown that the velocity profile becomes evener with Darcy number decreasing and the inertia parameter increasing.

随着所施加的外力逐渐增大，管壁附近的各流层依次开始流动，而管路中心的流体仍然以相同的速度，像圆柱体一样向前运动，这部分流体称为流核，流核内部的流层间没有相对运动，具有流核的流体流动称为结构流

Firstly, the natural frequencies and normal mode shapes of the fluid-conveying pipe with zero fluid velocity (i.e. U=0) were determined with the transfer matrix method. Next, these natural frequencies and normal mode shapes were used to derive the equation of motion for the fluid-conveying pipe with fluid velocity U.neq.0 by using the expansion theorem. Finally, the free and forced vibration responses of the pipe with flowing fluid were obtained by means of the Jacobi method and the Newmark direct integration method.

首先吾人使用转移矩阵法来求取一流速等於零(即U=0)、跨距数为N之流体输送管的自然频率及其所对应之正规化振态，然后利用振态重叠法原理来推导流速不等於零(即U.neq.0)时，整个流体输送管在外力作用下的运动方程式，最后再以Jacobi法及Newmark直接积分法来计算该水平流体输送管的自然频率及强迫振动反应。

The stopper (41) includes a distal portion (62) and a proximal portion (61) separated by a spring element (63) and configured to compress when fluid is being driven through the passageway by motion of the plunger (37) and to continue to drive fluid through the passageway after motion of the plunger (37) has stopped.

止动器(41)包括由弹簧元件(63)分离的远侧部分(62)和近侧部分(61)，并设置成当流体通过柱塞(37)的运动而通过通道排出时进行压缩，且在柱塞(37)的运动停止后继续推动流体通过通道。

The fluid considered here are assumed to be irrotational, incompressible and non-viscous and the solutions of the nonlinear hydrodynamic forces are treated in frequency domain.

假设流体为非旋性、不可压缩且为无黏性的理想流体，探讨频率领域中，三体船在规则波中之运动及非线性流体力。

In recent years, the studies on internal waves generated by the moving bodies and drag increment caused by the stratification, and of forces and loading of cylinders exerted by the internal waves are paid considerable attention by physical, engineering and military oceanographer.

本文首先进行了分层流体中水平运动物体的阻力研究，建立了均匀分层流体中不同长径比的椭球体在不同的速度条件下运动时的阻力理论，给出渐进的理论曲线。

This paper defines the velocity of money and deduces the model of money dynamics, proving that the movement of money has a main circular direction of movement and the nature of continuous media. It also proves the hypothesis that money moves like fluid, proposed by Irving Fisher and Fran? ois Quesnay, thus deducing the model of the cross-border movement of money.

通过定义货币流通速度，推导出货币动力学模型，证明了货币运动有一总的循环运动方向和货币运动具有连续介质特征，也证明了费雪和魁奈等人提出货币运动如同流体的假说，从能量的角度推导出货币跨国运动模型。

It show that interstitial fluid pressure changes its sig n twice within one arteriolar vasomotion period and it is therefor not important that interstitial fluid pressure is a little higher or lower than atmospheric p ressure; arteriolar vasomotion can periodically result in lymph formation and in terstitial total pressure plays an important role in this procedure; local regu l ation of microcirculation can meet metabolic need to some extent in the form of dynamic equilibrium.

利用解析法与有限元法相结合的&影响线算法&，求解了第一部分中建立的数学模型，分析了微循环系统动力学的若干重要问题，表明在微动脉自律运动周期内，间质流体压力将两次改变符号，因而某些理论中十分强调的间质流体压力是略高于或略低于大气压力的问题显得并不重要；微动脉自律运动能导致周期性的淋巴形成，间质总应力在这一过程中起着重要作用；微循环局部调节可以以动态平衡的方式在一定范围内满足代谢的需要。

The main contents are as follows:Based on the vortex theory and the hydrodynamic basic equations, taking account of the viscosity effect, the expressions of the tangential speed...

主要内容包括：在涡运动理论的基础上，考虑流体的粘性效应，从流体动力学基本方程出发，分析推导了旋流分离器内流体的切向速度和切向应力的分布表达式，定性讨论了旋流分离器外壁的转动对切向速度和切向应力的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。