流体的

Simplier and more efficient ion extraction methods for atomic vapor laser isotope separation AVLIS were evaluated using a 2-D electron-equilibrium model to compute and compare three electrostatic methods the parallel electrode method, the Π type electrode method, and the improved M type electrode method.

为探索用于原子蒸气激光同位素分离AVLIS的简单有效的离子引出方法，用二维流体理论电子平衡模型计算比较了3种静电场方法平行板电场法，Π型电极法，改进M型电极法计算发现，二维流体理论电子平衡模型并不能很好地描述Π型电极法对另外两种静电场方法，计算了不同外加电压、不同的初始原子密度和不同的目标同位素丰度等条件下的离子引出情况从计算结果可以看出，改进M型电极法不论是从离子引出时间还是从碰撞损失率，都要比平行板电极法好得多当外加电压较高或初始原子密度较高时，这种好处就更加明显因此，改进M型电极法是一种可供实际采用的比较好的静电场方法

The presence of REE tetrad effects in apatites and whole rocks of S-type granites has been reported by Sha and Chappell (1999) and Zhao et al.(1999), respectively. The REE tetrad effect in minerals, such as apatite, spessartite, beryl, alkali feldspar and spodumene, from all zones of Altay No. 3 pegmatite has been found remarkable, and the fractionations among isovalent incompatible elements in these minerals are also significant. This paper puts forward that the REE tetrad effect is one of the basic features of peraluminous melts and the origin of REE tetrad effect might be probably related to some processes prior to the formation of pegmatite magma. The immiscibile liquid separation between silicate melt and hydrosaline melt may be responsible for it.

由于阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉各带磷灰石以及与其共生的石榴石、绿柱石、碱性长石、锂辉石矿物均存在明显的稀土"四重效应"以及相同电价、相似离子半径的不相容元素间存在显著的分异，并结合最近赵振华等(1999)和Sha and Chappell(1999)报道S型花岗岩全岩和单矿物(磷灰石、独居石、长石、黄玉等)均存在稀土"四重效应"这一现象，本文研究提出，稀土"四重效应"是富挥发分过铝质岩浆体系的一个基本特征，其机制既不可能由含稀土的副矿物早期结晶引起残余熔体相中REE含量变化的结果，也不能定性地归因于流体相与熔体相相互作用过程中稀土元素在流体/熔体之间分异的结果，而很可能与伟晶岩岩浆形成之前某些过程密切相关，S型花岗岩岩浆在液相线以上存在硅酸盐熔体与高盐熔体的不混溶液相分离有可能是过铝质岩浆体系产生稀土"四重效应"的主要原因。

However,very low Mn contents(average 19.8ppm),relatively high Sr contents(average 137ppm)and the homogenization temperatures measured in fluid inclusions of crystalline dolomite do not support the hypothesis that meteoric water as high as 94% involved the dolomitization.

但极低的锰含量、相对较高的锶含量和包裹体均一化温度等资料均不支持有94%的大气淡水参与了结晶白云岩的白云石化作用，其白云石化流体应是埋藏成岩过程中囚禁的近同期、但是非同期的海源流体，其来源可能与埋藏成岩过程中该时间段蒸发盐的溶解有关。

Water-rock interaction demonstrates that, a gold-boring formation , i. e., a set of light metamorphic clastic gritstone, sandy slate, and tuffaceous slate in Wuqiang Runnel Formation, Ban Stream Group, act as the source of gold deposits in South-West Hunan. The gold is originally derived from volcanic eruption materials in Wuling-Xuefeng period; for the typical single gold deposit such as Mobin, which is short of sulphide, chlorine is very important in the metallogenic process; sulphur and chlorine perform as the major negative ions to form complex ions with Au throughout the gold activation and migration movement. The complex ion of chlorine and gold may keep stable in a wide range of temperature; the physical-chemical conditions in typical geothermal fluid system are of deciding significance for gold activation, migration and precipitation.

特定体系的水岩实验证实了漠滨及整个湘西南金矿的成矿元素Au和伴生元素主要源于赋矿围岩-板溪群五强溪组的一套浅变质碎屑砂岩、砂质板岩和凝灰质板岩；首次突破传统认识，证明氯在中低温热液体系中能与Au形成稳定络合物的形式进行运移，因此氯在本区Au成矿过程中起着相当重要的作用；成矿热液流体中Au主要以金硫、金氯络合物形式在溶液中迁移，阴离子∑S、Cl〓对金的活化、迁移及沉淀起主导作用，Au的伴生元素As、Sb在热液体系中与Au形成金锑、金砷络合物有利于金的进一步活化、迁移及沉淀；中低温热液流体成矿过程中，体系的物理化学参数对Au的活化、迁移及沉淀富集起决定性作用。

It is seldom reseached the mechanism of highspeed and long-range. On the basis of detailed investigation on the Touzhai landslide, the author have expatiated on the environment condition, studied the moving characteristics of each stage, the laws of friction coefficient of the sliding surface in the set-out stage and the erodynamic effect in the short-range, analyzed the hydrokinetics mechanism of highspeed and long-range.

本文在去现场详细调查的基础上，阐述了头寨滑坡的环境条件，研究了头寨滑坡全程各个活动阶段的运动特征，通过试验研究了头寨滑坡启程活动阶段滑面高速摩擦的规律和近程活动阶段滑坡凌空飞行的空气动力学效应，从流体动力学的观点分析了头寨滑坡高速远程的流体动力学机理。

From the points of view of hydrokinetics, put forward the formula for movement parameters of set-out stage and short-range stage, lay a solid foundation for the theory of hydrokinetics mechanisms of large highspeed rockslide, offer the theoretical proof for the reconnaissance and design of large hydraulic power project, railway and highway, gain the ends of preventing and decreasing the disastes.

在试验研究的基础上，从流体动力学的观点出发提出了大型高速岩质滑坡启程和近程活动阶段运动参数的计算公式，为大型高速岩质滑坡全程流体动力学机理理论的建立奠定了良好的基础，为大型水电工程的勘察设计和铁路、公路新线勘察设计提供理论依据，达到防灾减灾的目的。

Based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics model, we first establish a new pressure equation of state instead of traditional ideal gas equation of state.

基于平滑粒子流体动力学模型，首先提出一种压力状态方程以取代传统的理想气体状态方程，从而在保证系统稳定性的同时，最大程度地保证液体的体积守恒；为了实现对水面浪花飞溅和泡沫的模拟，提出自适应的表面张力模型，通过制定3类流体粒子状态的转化规则，实现了飞溅粒子和主水体之间的无缝连接；并采用GPU图形硬件加速技术大大地提高了整个过程计算效率。

Due to the problems existing in simulation on physical model of fire, such as heavy calculation, high complexity and difficulty in real-time simulation, a new real-time simulation method was raised based on fluid model and GPU acceleration. This method, based on the physical characteristics of fire, such as incompressibility, low density and inviscid, used the fluid equations to calculate the properties of fire. Then by accelerating this method through GPU, the real-time simulation of fire was realized and a realistic effect was achieved.

针对目前基于物理模型模拟火焰的计算量大、复杂度高，很难进行实时模拟的问题，提出了一种基于流体模型和GPU加速的火焰实时模拟方法，该方法根据火焰的不可压缩、低密度、无粘性等特点，通过流体方程计算火焰的物理属性，并将其求解过程在GPU中并行加速，从而大幅度提高了算法的运算速度，实现了火焰的实时模拟，并取得了较真实的模拟效果。

The non-uniform flow behind a rigid cylinder row with a small pitch ratio T/D= 1.5 is characterized by narrow and wide near wakes and multiple frequencies, and the vortex shedding behind a rigid cylinder row with T/D= 2.0 is replicated properly by the simulation results.

此外，还研究了单列自由振动的弹性圆柱在间隙比为2.0时的流体诱导振动问题，结果表明：在大振幅条件下，流体诱导力在x方向和y方向有较强烈的耦合；随着振幅的减小，x方向振动对y方向振动的影响可以忽略，可采用单自由度的动力学模型假设进行计算。

For improving the static and dynamic seal properties of the magnetic fluid seal, the correlation between the seal capacity and the residual induction intensity and coercive force of permanent magnet has been studied. An ANSYS model for analyzing parametrically magnetic path was developed and optimize design of the magnetic path parameters has also been carried out based on the model and simulation analysis.

为了提高磁流体动、静密封的能力，文中探讨了磁性材料中剩余磁感应强度和矫顽力与磁流体密封能力之间的相互关系；建立了基于磁路参数化的ANSYS模型，通过磁路的仿真，数值计算实现了磁流密封结构的优化设计。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。