流

The results indicate that: 1 the system can directly show the activity of fluid field and satisfy a certain need; 2 The distribution of particle concentration in pipe is unequality and the unequality degree varies with the cent of volume and regime fl...

试验结果表明：1该系统能直观显示被测流场的运动状态，满足一定流场的测量要求；2颗粒在管内的浓度分布是不均匀的，随颗粒的体积分率和流型的变化而变化；3所得的试验结果能够解释液-固流化床换热器的强化传热和防除垢机理。

The network seepage flow analysis method of rock masses is a numerical method compatible with Block Element Method on the basis of the assumption that the rock blocks are unpermeable while the discontinuities are permeable.

岩体网络渗流分析方法是在假定岩石块体不透水、岩体中渗流仅通过结构面进行的基础上建立起来的一种与块体单元法配套的岩体渗流数值模拟方法。

Based on the theories of rheology, Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, petroleum chemistry, crystallography and pipeline technology etc. and sampling Huabei crudes, experimental indexes and programmes are drew out, integrating the oil properties and parameter analysis; in terms of the macro analysis of continuum mechanics, substantial experiments are conducted with HAAKE RS600 rotational rheometer and the rheological equation as well as the viscosity-temperature equation are further developed with tested rhrogramme and viscosity-temperature curve, respectively. Beased on the researches on thixotropic mechanism and thixotropy fluid property, hysteresis loop curve, structure failure and viscosity build-up curve as well as shear stress decrement curve for one type oil are first present in this paper. According to the theoretical researches and testing results, a novel thixotropy equation with τ=τ_∞e~ pattern, which is of hi-accuracy, few parameter and simplicity, is developed. Considering the influence of various parameters on rheological behaviour, depressant adding condition is optimized and experimental evaluation on BEM-5P is conducted, which further unrip its mechanism on the Huabei crude. A corresponding viable pipe transportion programmel is also recommended.

本文基于原油流变学、非牛顿流体力学、石油化学、结晶学、原油管输工艺学等理论，以华北原油为研究对象，结合原油物性及实验影响因素分析，制定出实验研究的评价指标及实验方案；从连续介质力学宏观分析的角度，利用HAAKE RS600高端旋转流变仪开展了大量的室内实验，并运用微观研究方法，测定了油样的流变曲线和粘温曲线，建立了流变方程和粘温方程；通过对触变性机理和触变性流体特征的研究，首次对华北原油测定出滞回环曲线、结构破坏与恢复粘时曲线、剪切应力裂降过程曲线，并在理论研究和实验结果的基础之上，建立了能定量描述含蜡原油剪切应力裂降过程的新型三参数触变模式τ=τ_∞e~b/(t+c，该模型具有精度高、参数少、实验简便且适用性强的特点；通过对含蜡原油流变性的影响因素理论研究，开展了加剂条件优选及BEM-5P降凝剂室内评价实验，进一步揭示了降凝剂对华北原油作用机理，在此基础之上，提出了华北原油管输的可行性方案。

Based on the theories of rheology, Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, petroleum chemistry, crystallography and pipeline technology etc. and sampling Huabei crudes, experimental indexes and programmes are drew out, integrating the oil properties and parameter analysis; in terms of the macro analysis of continuum mechanics, substantial experiments are conducted with HAAKE RS600 rotational rheometer and the rheological equation as well as the viscosity-temperature equation are further developed with tested rhrogramme and viscosity-temperature curve, respectively. Beased on the researches on thixotropic mechanism and thixotropy fluid property, hysteresis loop curve, structure failure and viscosity build-up curve as well as shear stress decrement curve for one type oil are first present in this paper. According to the theoretical researches and testing results, a novel thixotropy equationwith τ=τ_∞e~ pattern, which is of hi-accuracy, few parameter and simplicity, is developed.Considering the influence of various parameters on rheological behaviour, depressant adding condition is optimized and experimental evaluation on BEM-5P is conducted, which further unrip its mechanism on the Huabei crude. A corresponding viable pipe transportion programmel is also recommended.

本文基于原油流变学、非牛顿流体力学、石油化学、结晶学、原油管输工艺学等理论，以华北原油为研究对象，结合原油物性及实验影响因素分析，制定出实验研究的评价指标及实验方案；从连续介质力学宏观分析的角度，利用HAAKE RS600高端旋转流变仪开展了大量的室内实验，并运用微观研究方法，测定了油样的流变曲线和粘温曲线，建立了流变方程和粘温方程；通过对触变性机理和触变性流体特征的研究，首次对华北原油测定出滞回环曲线、结构破坏与恢复粘时曲线、剪切应力裂降过程曲线，并在理论研究和实验结果的基础之上，建立了能定量描述含蜡原油剪切应力裂降过程的新型三参数触变模式τ=τ_∞e~b/(t+c，该模型具有精度高、参数少、实验简便且适用性强的特点；通过对含蜡原油流变性的影响因素理论研究，开展了加剂条件优选及BEM-5P降凝剂室内评价实验，进一步揭示了降凝剂对华北原油作用机理，在此基础之上，提出了华北原油管输的可行性方案。

A novel method for estimation of original flow length distributions from sampled flow statistics is proposed to obtain the distribution feature of unsampled flows.

摘要为了得到未抽样流的分布特征，提出一种新的由抽样报文流数据来估计原始未抽样流长度分布的方法。

This paper has mainly analysedvertical oblique flow circulating pump operation properties. Through monistic flowdesign theory, carried out preliminarily design for impeller, and completedthree-dimensional model analysis through CAD software. With the aid of CFD-FLUENTsoftware platform, have carried out value for flowing imitation in pump, the SIMPLECmethod on unstructural grid has realized pressure the couple of speed, which verified theresult of preliminary design.

本文主要分析了立式斜流循环水泵运行特性，通过一元流设计理论，对叶轮进行初步设计，并通过 CAD 软件进行立体三维模型分析，借助 CFD-FLUENT 软件平台，对水泵内流场进行了数值模拟，利用非结构网格上的 SIMPLEC 方法实现压力-速度的耦合，对初步设计进行计算结果的验证。

It is effective that stomach catheter act as urethra stent and drainage tube in urethroplasty in hypospadias,need not urinary diversion.

在尿道下裂尿道成形术中单纯用胃管兼作尿道支撑管和引流管引流尿液是充分有效的，无须另行尿流改道。

For the optimization of the structure parameters and operation ones of the cylindrical three-phase cyclone with a vaned inlet and a direct-current outlet which is used for separating the mixtures of solid and liquid particles from gas flow, gas fluid field in three-phase cyclone was measured by five-hole pressure probe under two fluxes.

为了对用于液固混合物与气相分离的直筒型导叶直流式三相旋流器进行结构参数和操作参数的优化，使用五孔球探针对直筒型导叶直流式三相旋流器的气相流场在两个流量下进行了实验测定。

Such as: calibrating the laser system, calibrating the measurement region and focusing the CCD camera for the diffuser passage with complex shape, selecting the best incidence angle for the laser sheet,, setting the time parameter including the time between pulses and the time between records, designing the laser system, and selecting water fog with 1～5μm diameter as seedings for PIV measurement after comparing several particles. All of the work is useful to accumulate the PIV measurement experience in turbomachinery. 2. Experimental research of the unsteady flow in diffusers The instantaneous velocity fields within the vaneless and vaned diffuser were measured by using PIV technique.

本文在国内首次进行PIV测量系统对离心风机扩压器内部非定常流动的测量，为此，作者作了必要的实验前期工作：双谐振激光器工作特性的标定；针对扩压器复杂的流道形状，解决了片光源照射区域位置的标定和CCD相机的聚焦等问题；为复杂流道形状的扩压器内部流动的PIV测量选择了最佳片光源入射角度；选择了合适的PIV测量时间参数；为实现非定常内流的PIV测量设计了PIV系统的光路布置；根据非接触测量示踪粒子的选取原则，对几种示踪粒子进行了筛选，最终1～5μm的水雾粒子在本文实验条件下获得最佳效果。

At the same time, in the inner unsteady flow-field of vaned and vaneless diffuser, as well as gap between impeller and diffuser has been measured by PIV. The measurement plane is at z=10, 15, 20mm in axial direction from impeller shroud.

对叶轮和扩压器在靠盖侧、跨盘盖中间流面、靠盘侧三个流面，即轴向位置分别为Z=10mm，Z=15mm，Z=20mm三个流面上的速度场进行了实验研究。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。