流

The rheological data of materials used in the study are measured by the parallel plate rheometer and the capillary rheometer.

利用平板式流变仪及毛细管式流变仪，获得材料的稳态及动态流变特性资料。

Distribution of mean velocity, distribution of turbulence intensity and microstructure of turbulent boundary layer of riblet surface were obtained.

针对脊状表面流场的特点，通过实验测量和数值模拟的方法对脊状表面微观流场进行了深入研究，获得了脊状表面湍流边界层的时均速度分布曲线、湍流度分布曲线和微观流场结构。

The maximum run-out distance is 3200m. The three cases are studied from the Niuquangou rockslide-debris flow at the south west segment of the main seismic fault, the Chengxi rockslide at the middle segment of the main seismic fault and the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow at the north east segment of the main seismic fault.The three cases illustrates following common characteristics:(1)parent rockmass is broken under long geologic processing and weathered;(2) Rockmass was separately expanded and thrown under long-period strong ground vibration in which the vertical motion was predominant along the main seismic fault;(3)sliding mass was crashed at the exiting zone and transferred to fragment material;(4) The secondary landslide was triggered underneath the exiting zone due to the powerful crashing and shaving processes that provides more mass to debris body and cushion shape;(5) The a long run-out distance fragment flow is occurred under air layer lubrication. The air layer was pressed and turbulently flowed in the narrow-shaped valley, or laminarly flowed in the extensive flatland.

本文重点解剖了位于地震破裂带南西段的汶川映秀牛圈沟滑坡-碎屑流、位于地震破裂带中段的北川城西滑坡和位于地震破裂带北东段青川东河口滑坡-碎屑流3个典型实例，认为具有如下特征：1）岩性条件：母岩遭受长期构造动力作用，呈碎裂岩体，后期被强烈风化，岩体极为破碎；(2）抛掷效应：位于汶川地震主断裂带或附近，垂直加速度大于水平加速度，强地面运动持时长，岩体发生振胀和抛掷；3）碰撞效应：上部滑坡体发生高位剪出和高位撞击，致使岩体碎屑化；(4）铲刮效应：撞击作用导致下部山体被铲刮，形成次级滑坡，为碎屑流体提供了足够展翼和抛洒物源体积；5）气垫效应：碎屑化岩体快速抛掷导致下部沟谷空气迅速谷状圈闭和向下紊流，形成气垫效应，或者，在下部地形开阔地带压缩空气呈层流状态致使滑体凌空飞行。

Comparing with Zaidel's uniform flow model and Millers' nonuniform flow model, our Sakharov flow is close to real experiment.

与Zaidel的均匀流场模型以及Miller等人的非均匀流场模型相比，本文求解的流场演变问题已经接近实验的真实情况。

The sample is subjected to primary dispersion by a primary dispersion flow that reaches a critical pressure and a subsonic speed, and the sample is then subjected to a secondary dispersion by a secondary dispersion flow that is different in direction from the primary dispersion flow and that reaches a critical pressure and a subsonic speed.

该试样受到达到临界压力和亚音速的初次分散流的初次分散，然后试样接受与初次分散流方向不同且达到临界压力和亚音速的二次分散流的二次分散。

Subsequently, the optimized technology was successfully scaled up to 〓 pilot bioreactor scale by using the parameter simulation method. The scale-down strategy was applied to the 100〓 fermentation tank to ascertain that the determining factor which affects metabolic flux distribution reasonably had changed to the dissolved oxygen control. After resolution of the DO limitation, the optimized technology inhibited the shift on 100〓 production scale correspondingly, notable commercial returns was gained as a result.

随后基于过程参数拟合的方法成功地将抑制代谢流迁移的新工艺放大到12〓规模，并通过规模缩小证实了100 〓生产规模的发酵过程中限制代谢流合理分配的限制性因素已经发生了变化，此时DO的控制成为优化的前提，通过改善供氧条件之后优化的工艺在生产规模也成功的克服了代谢流的迁移，取得了显著的经济效益。

The seepage of the bucket foundation and its influence to the structure have been investigated.

研究了桶型基础渗流流场的分布规律，首次在桶型形基础结构的分析中考虑了渗流的影响。

In addition to measurements of conventional dynamic parameters o n a model surface,an optical observation method was employed,which directly reco rded self-luminosity of high temperature gas induced by a two-dimensional mode l in high enthalpy flow and combustion radiation.Hypersonic flow fields passing over a sharp strut including fuel injection were displayed and recorded with a high-speed CCD camera.A phenomenon of supersonic diffusive combustion under fre e boundary condition was observed.

实验除测量常规流场参数和模型表面的动态参数外，主要使用二维实验模型，利用高温气体的自发光和燃烧伴随的发光现象，采用高速摄影技术来观测燃烧现象，记录到高焓流场中叠加燃料喷射和燃烧的流场，观察到自由边界条件下扩散控制的超声速燃烧现象。

The results show that the tide of Shenzhen Bay is mainly irregular semidiurnal and the horizontal tidal current is reversing current, mainly in southwest-northeast direction.

计算结果表明：深圳湾海域属不正规半日潮，水平潮流具有明显的往复流性质，主要呈西南－东北走向；落潮流速略大于涨潮流速；受地形及陆地河流径流的影响，湾中到湾口及航道附近流速较大，湾顶和靠近香港的滩涂部分流速较小；深圳湾余流场较弱，余流流向指向湾外：整个深圳湾水交换较弱，海域自净能力较差。

Thanks to difference of producing process and operation time to different product on mixed-model assembly line, production sequencing problem of mixed-model assembly line must be considered, in order to guaranteeing regular work of mixed-model assembly line.

由于混流生产线上不同产品所需的加工工序和作业时间存在差异，为了保证混流生产线的正常运转，混流生产线必须考虑投产排序问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。