流

In addition,Various methods of stability analysis of wakes behind bluff bodies arediscussed,among which the general theory of absolute/convective instability is strictlyformulized from stability equations of viscous flow;the theoretical foundation of stabil-ity analysis of time-average flows is also discussed from basic equations of fluids,andthe reason for the stability analysis of time-average flow can predict the frequency inthe saturation state is explaned.

此外，讨论了钝体尾迹稳定性分析的各种方法，其中从粘性流的稳定性方程出发严格推导了绝对/对流不稳定性的理论公式；从基本方程出发探讨了采用时均流场作稳定性分析的可行性，并解释了用时均流场作稳定性分析可以更好地预示饱和频率的原因。

Significant improvements to the TOPMODEL were made on the distributed computation of runoff yield in the mesh scale which is equivalent to that of DEM in one hand,and an isochrones hydrograph was calibrated from rainfallrunoff observations for watershed convergence simulations on the other hand.These improvements were made to enhance the simulation ability of the TOPMODEL,meanwhile to extend the model′s adoptability in rainfallrunoff simulations to middle and large scale watersheds.

考虑到流域地形、下垫面条件及流域气象条件的空间差异性，将TOPMODEL的产流计算细化到每个栅格，以改进模型的分布式计算，并在考虑地形坡度影响的情况下，根据降水-径流资料优选出的参数率定等流时线、利用率定的等流时线进行流域的汇流计算，以提升TOPMODEL在中、大尺度流域模拟演算的能力。

But there are few studies on mixing and advection of pollutant in wave environment with turbulence model.

利用二维模型研究了波浪和波流环境中的扩散系数，利用二维和三维模型模拟分析了不同流场环境中射流流场和浓度场的分布。

In the method, block texture advection instead of pixel texture advection of the traditional LIC method is adopted to enhance the performance, and dynamic flow visualization is obtained.

该方法采用块纹理平流替代传统LIC方法的纹理像素平流，提高了算法的效率，得到高效的动态流场可视化结果。

In the explore in water seepage mechanism of highway engineering, at the foundation of author's and other people's research, the author study the groundwater seepage and infiltration of rain and water with the groundwater dynamics, the rock mechanics ,the soil mechanics, the hydrologic geology, the engineering geology, the agrology. With the research result of the water seepage mechanism of highway, the author also study the principle design of waterproof, drainage and water environmental protection. The author's work is as follows:(1) The water circulation, the groundwater type and conversion, the equilibrium and circulation in soil water are introduced and studied; The seepage characteristics of rock and soil in response to stress are analyzed and studied.

作为在"公路工程地质环境中水渗流机制问题研究"中的探索研究，在本人科研和前人研究工作的基础上，以地下水动力学、岩土力学、水文地质学、工程地质学、土壤学为基础，研究公路工程建设对地下水渗流和雨水入渗的影响，以及公路防排水和水环境保护设计的原则方法，具体开展了如下研究工作：(1)首先对水循环、地下水类型及转化、土壤水平衡与循环进行了研究和介绍；分析研究了应力对岩土体渗流特性产生影响的机理。

The air motion in umbrella curtain spray combustion system for diesel engine was studied using numerical analysis with the emphasis on the evolution of in-cylinder flow field, the interactions between swirl and squish and the effects of combustion chamber configuration.

用数值分析方法研究柴油机伞帘喷雾燃烧系统中的空气运动规律，探讨了缸内流场的演变过程、涡流与挤流的相互作用和燃烧室结构的影响，并比较了该燃烧系统与原机燃烧系统中的流场。

To study the changes of plasma endotoxin NO and hemorheology in experimental cirrhotic rats and their correlation,we have used hemorheology analysis system and the means of limulus amoebocyte lystata assay Griess assay to detect changes of plasma endotoxin NO and hemorheological parameter in rats at 3 6 9 weeks after CCl4 administration.

为探讨肝硬化中血浆内毒素、NO水平的变化及血液流变学特性的改变及其相互关系，我们通过用四氯化碳(carbon tetrachloride，CCl_4)来诱导大鼠肝硬化模型，采用鲎试剂动态浊度法、镉还原比色法、血液流变学分析仪，分别检测了大鼠肝硬化演变过程中早期(诱导第3周末)、中期(诱导第6周末)、晚期(诱导第9周末)的血浆内毒素、NO水平及血液流变学各参数。

New observables which can be used to estimate the fraction of the anisotropicemission particles to all the final state particles and the degree of concentrationaround the flow direction are proposed to characterize the flow.

末态粒子的极角分布宽度是描述流效果的一个重要参量，只有综合考虑流角，流值和极角分布这三种因素，才能正确反映集合侧向流的整体特征。

Many experts have contributed to the study of workflow technology, such as Aalst who works in the workflow modeling field, Bertino and Atluri who work in the workflow security and authorization management field, Casati and Ellis who work in workflow change and instance evolution field, Grasso and Aslst who work in the coordinational workflow field.

国外Aalst等在工作流建模、Bertino和Atluri等在工作流安全及授权、Casati和Ellis等在工作流变更和实例迁移都做了很多工作。在国内，清华大学、中科院计算所、中科院软件所、上海交通大学等都开展了工作流管理技术的研究。

The previous researches have been done experiments mostly in the Water tank. In order to simulate turbulence of flow in river and research its characteristics, the characteristics of turbulence are studied by experiments in the water channel with ADV technique. The research results indicate that R.M.S. velocity linearly relates to the oscillating-grid frequency; R.M.S. velocity decays by power exponent relates to the distance from the grid midplane; and the relationship between the geometrical factors and the free movement space of water is direct proportion.

以往研究大都在水箱中对振动格栅紊流特性进行实验研究，为能模拟天然河道中的紊流，研究天然河道中紊流特性，利用ADV技术在水槽中对振动格栅紊流进行了实验研究研究结果表明：均方根速度与格栅振动频率成线性关系；均方根速度与距格栅中平面的距离成幂指数关系衰减；几何系数与水的自由运动空间成正比关系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。