活性碳

The study has shown:(1) With increasing sediment depth and the woody giblets, the total organic carbon, the extraction of benzene , the total humic acids and the unhydrolyte are enhanced, while the hydrolyte is decreasing.(2) According to the GC-MS analysis, n-alkane,n-alkan-2-ones and n-alkanones are composed mainly of long-chains,such a result is thought to be characteristic of a herbaceous input from 2300a.B.P. n-alkanones exist in the samples may be considered as the evidence of microorganisms activity.(3) It is showed that the lipids is more sensitive to the climate change than the floristic. The proxy of the pollen spore of the peat stratum is different from the normal environment proxy. It is one of the main reasons that the sensitivity difference of the bog vegetation reacting to the climate isn't accordant with the log of the fat molecule fossil and biology fossil.(4) The transformation of the peat organic carbon is under the influence of temperature,acidity,organic material constituting, etc, and it showed the up-trend with the depth. In the short-term scale, the conversion of the peat organic carbon is effected by seasonal water,regional climate and vegetations; while in the long-term scale, it is controlled mainly by the climate.(5) According to the comparing the orderliness of organic compound,vegetation giblets with the depth to the characteristics of the peat molecule fossil with the section, in the development of this peatmire, 1500a B.P（210cm）is regard as the borderline of the late Holocene, the keynote of the front period is warm with several cold fluctuations, and the trend of the back period is dry and cold although there were several fluctuations.

研究表明：（1）随深度的增高及植物残体中木本残体的增多，总有机碳、苯萃取物、总腐植酸、不被水解物含量逐渐增高，而易水解物含量减少；（2）GC- MS分析显示，正构烷烃，直链烷基2-酮和正烷醇均以长链组分为主，揭示了该泥炭柱剖面2347a.B.P的母源输入以草本植物为主；甲基酮类和短链正烷醇的存在是微生物活性很大的生物证据；（3）通过有机分子标志物与孢粉、植物残体等指标的对比研究表明：脂类化合物对气候变化的反映要比植物种灵敏得多，不同沼泽植物对气候变化的敏感性的差异是脂类分子化石记录与生物大化石结果很难一致的主要原因之一；（4）泥炭有机碳的转化受到温度、酸度、有机物质组成等很多因素的影响，短时间尺度，泥炭有机碳的转化受季节性降水、地方气候和植被等因素的影响；长时间尺度，泥炭地有机碳的转化，受气候条件控制；（5）总结泥炭分子化石特征、泥炭有机质各组分含量及植物残体组成随深度的变异规律，分析结果显示该泥炭地层形成过程中，1500a B.P（210cm）可作为划分前后晚全新世的界线，前期的基调是气候偏暖，但又有几次偏干冷气候的反复，后期气候以干冷为主，其间虽有几次上升波动，但整体趋势不变。

Results showed that enzyme activities were significantly different, urease activity: park＞school＞residence＞industry＞road; phosphatase activity: park＞industry＞school＞residence＞road; invertase activity: residence＞park＞industry＞road＞school; But the dynamic patterns of SOC mineralization from different functional areas were similarly, the rate of SOC mineralization decreased quickly at the beginning, and then decreased slowly during the middle incubation time, and keep relatively constant during the later incubation time, and fitted to logarithmic equation with incubation time.

结果表明：不同功能区土壤酶活性差异显著，脲酶：公园＞学校＞居民区＞工厂＞道路；磷酸酶：公园＞工厂＞校园＞居民区＞道路；转化酶：居民区＞公园＞工厂＞道路＞学校；但不同功能区土壤有机碳矿化过程动态表现出相同规律，在培养前期有机碳矿化速率迅速下降，培养中期缓慢下降，培养后期保持相对稳定的趋势，有机碳矿化与培养时间符合对数关系；整个培养期内，土壤有机碳矿化速率及累计矿化量公园＞工厂＞道路＞学校＞居民区。

Soil labile organic matter and carbon management index are important parameter representing carbon cycle in soil ecosystem. Study on dynamics of them in the artificial Robinia in loess hilly area so as to understand the change and effect evaluation during process of ecological restoration is of great importance.

：土壤碳库管理指数是表征土壤碳变化的重要量化指标，研究黄土丘陵区人工刺槐林土壤活性有机碳与碳库管理指数的变化过程对认识该地区生态恢复过程中土壤质量的演变及其效果评价具有重要意义。

Using liquid-reduction or complex-redution method,four catalysts,i.e,the Au/C,Pd/C,Pd-Au/C-T and Pd-Au/C-H were preparated and which electroanalytic activities and stabilities for the oxidation of formic acid were compares.

合成并比较了碳载Au、碳载Pd、碳载高合金化Pd-Au和碳载非合金化Pd-Au催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和稳定性。

Electrochemical capacitor is composed of electric double-layer capacitor and faradaic pseudocapacitor.

电极材料是影响电化学电容器性能的主要因素之一，应用于双电层电容器的电极活性物质主要是各种碳材料，如各种活性炭、热裂解碳、碳纤维、碳纳米管等，考虑到合成工艺和成本因素，我们采用热裂解碳为双电层电容器的电极材料，并研究了它们的电化学性能。

Although the SWNTs are higheractive, their price is great higher than that of MWNTs, so we try to functionalize theMWNTs with the same method.

尽管单壁碳纳米管的活性高于多壁碳纳米管，但其制备成本远高于多壁碳纳米管，因此我们也尝试了用沉淀聚合方法改性多壁碳纳米管。

This paper reviewed the research on dynamic and balance of soil nutrient pool under long-term fertilization conditions,mainly about some active aspects which included dynamic variations of total nitrogen,available N,total phosphorus,available P,total potassium,available K,and organic carbon in soil; dynamic variations of ammonium N,amino acid N,amino sugar N,unknown N,non hydrolyzable N and microbiomass N in soil nutrient pool; changes of Ca2-P,Ca8-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P,labile organic P,moderately labile organic P,moderately stable P,highly stable P and microbiomass P in soil; changes of loosely,stably and tightly combined humus,humic and fulvic acids in soil carbon pool; effects of long-term fertilization on organic-mineral complex status in soil; nutrients cycling and balance of agricultural soil nutrients pool.

扼要地概述了国内外近年来关于长期施肥条件下土壤养分库的动态与平衡方面的研究成果。主要介绍并讨论了土壤氮、磷、钾养分全量及有效量的动态变化，土壤有机碳含量的动态变化；铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮、非水解残渣氮及微生物体氮在土壤氮库中的动态变化；Ca2 P、Ca8 P、Al P、Fe P、闭蓄态磷，活性有机磷、中度活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷、高稳性有机磷及微生物体磷在土壤磷库中的动态变化；土壤碳库中松结态腐殖质、稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质以及富里酸和胡敏酸的动态变化；长期施肥对土壤有机无机复合状况的影响；农田土壤养分库的养分循环与养分平衡。

Several anti-tumor cell lines and carbonic anhydrase Ⅱ model were established. More than 10000 compounds and extracts from plants were screened using these models and about 10 compounds showed strong inhibitory activities. Two species of plants Inula helianthus-aquatica and Saussurea deltoidea were chosen to investigate chemical and bioactivity constituents based on the results of screening of extracts and fractions. 58 compounds were isolated and identified from these two plants, 6 compounds were found to be new and 14 compounds showed anti-tumor activities. We also studied the anti-tumor mechanism of the compound bigelovin isolated from Inula helianthus-aquatica. Bigelovin was found with apoptotic activity against cell line U266 by lowering the amount of important transcription factor E2F-1 which inhibits the cell cycle at G0/G1 stage. Docking study on 7 natural new phenolic inhibitors of CA Ⅱ and 3D-QSAR study on 61 sulfonamide inhibitors of CA Ⅱwere also investigated. The calculated results were in good correlation with experimental results.

基于以上两种重要疾病和研究组方向，本论文工作开展了多个肿瘤细胞株和碳酸酐酶Ⅱ靶标模型的建立和筛选工作，累计筛选1万多个/次样品，发现10余个活性较强化合物；从粗提取物筛选结果中选取两种抗肿瘤活性强的菊科植物水朝阳旋覆花(Inula helianthus-aquatica)和三角叶凤毛菊进行了系统化学和活性成分研究，分离鉴定了58个化合物，发现6个新化合物和14个抗肿瘤活性化合物；通过合作对水朝阳旋覆花中活性较强的bigelovin进行了抗肿瘤作用机制研究，发现它可能是通过降低G2期重要的转录因子E2F-1，致使细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期，引起多发性骨髓瘤U266细胞凋亡；开展了7个新的天然酚类CAⅡ抑制剂的对接研究和61个合成的系列磺酰胺类CAⅡ抑制剂的3D-QSAR分析，结果表明计算与实验一致。

Based on the results of 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, ESI-MS and UV spectra, the structures of three compounds with antitumor activity were identified as Prodigiosin、7-Hexadecenoic acid、7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, respectively; another compounds (no activity to above tumor cells)was identified as Myristic acid.

运用核磁共振（1H-NMR、13C-NMR）、质谱、紫外光谱等现代波谱技术分析，将其中3种具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物分别鉴定为灵菌红素、7-十六碳烯酸（7-Hexadecenoic acid）、7，10-十八碳二烯酸（7，10-Octadecadienoic acid）；鉴定另一种对上述肿瘤细胞无活性的化合物为肉豆蔻酸。

The biodegradation of PCP is carried out by means of co-metabolism in activated sludge system. Glutamic acid, fructose and maltose are picked up from 95 different co-substrate carbon resources by the methods of Biolog.

适当的共基质碳源具有提高活性污泥微生物种群的整体活性，促进PCP降解的作用，用BIOLOG方法从95种不同的碳源中筛选到果糖、麦芽糖和谷氨酸。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。