活性碳

The process may involve the use of molten sodium cyanide mixtures; pack carburizing with activated solid material such as charcoal or coke , gas or oil carburizing , and dry cyaniding .

工艺可能涉及到熔化的氰化钠混合物，带有活性固体物质如活性炭、焦炭等的固体渗碳，气体或油性渗碳剂，还有干法氰化。

Two series of polyurethane acrylate grafted acrylic resins (Acr-g-TPU-PETA and Acr-gPPU-PETA) self-emulsifying systems are obtained by grafting -NCO group modified polyurethane acrylates with acrylic copolymer prepared from n-butyl acrylate, styrene,βhydroxyethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid The self-emulsifying systems showed Newtonian fluidity with viscosity closed to that of water, the solid contents were around 30% The T〓 of 15～4℃ for dried film before photocuring favored film formation at room temperature DSC and DMA results showed that PU-PETA is compatible with acrylic resin in the grafted resin The TG and dTG curves for Acr-g-PU-PETA samples were substantially different from the corresponding blends, and the brodened dTG peaks for photocured grafted resin suggest that there might be multiple interactions among chain segments The photocued film of the grafted resins self-emulsifying system exhibited good overall properties with polyurethane acrylate grafts ranging from 30% to 50%, and Acr-g-TPU-PETA series showed better properties than Acr-gPPU-PETA series The adhesion of the photocured film was 1～2 grade, impact strength was 50kg-cm and flexibility was 1mm The Shore hardness and the adhesion of the film decreased markedly if PETA was replaced by HEMA as photoactive group due to the lower C=C double bond content in the grafted resin The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthones photoinitiators can be evenly dispersed in self-emulsifying system without color spot appearing in the dried film The films photocured with IV〓～IV〓 generally exhibited higher Shore hardness, gloss and solventresistance than that cured with Irgacure 2959 and did not induce the rusting of the iron substrate Pigmenting with titanium oxide had no effect on the photocuring The polyhydroxy amine-linked thioxanthone IV〓 and IV〓 can be new candidates for the formulation of titanium oxide pigmented photocurable water-borne coatings for their pale-yellow appearance and slight interference with the color of the coatings WB 4759 with high water-solubility coalesced and separated from the dried resin film, and even induced the rusting of iron substrate.

以丙烯酸丁酯，甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯，丙烯酸及苯乙烯合成厂丙烯酸共聚树脂，并与含-NCO端基的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯接枝反应，经水性化后，得到两个系列（Acr-g-TPU-PETA和Acr-g-PPU-PETA）各5个不同配比的丙烯酸树脂接枝聚氨酯丙烯酸酯自乳化体系，粘度与水相近，为牛顿流体，固含量30％左右。光固化前干燥涂膜的玻璃化转变温度在-15℃～4℃之间，有利于室温下成膜。DSC及DMA谱表明两种树脂基本相容。Acr-g-PU-PETA的热失重行为明显不同于共混材料，接枝样dTG峰明显宽化，表明接枝样中链段之间的相互作刚有多重性，丙烯酸树脂与聚氨酯之间有一定的相容性。接枝树脂自乳化体系光固化涂层的综合性能以聚氨酯丙烯酸酯成分为50％～30％者相对较好，且以Acr-g-TPU-PETA系列更理想。光固化膜的附着力为1～2级，冲击强度为50kg·cm，柔软性多为1mm。以HEMA代替PETA作为接枝树脂的活性基团，碳—碳双键密度太低，光固化膜交联点太少，硬度和附着力均较差。多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂能均匀分散于树脂自乳化体系和接枝树脂干膜中，不出现色斑，光固化膜肖氏硬度一般高于以Irgacure 2959为光引发剂的光固化膜，光泽度及耐丁酮溶剂性能均有所提高，不会诱导铁基生锈，钛白着色对光固化结果几乎没有影响。本论文所合成的多羟基胺连硫杂蒽酮光引发剂IV〓与IV〓为浅黄色，对光固化涂层的颜色干扰较小，为配制钛白着色光固化水性涂料提供了新的光引发剂。水溶性太强的WB 4759在干膜中易聚结析出，且对所附着的铁基有诱导锈蚀作用。

Improving the activity of SOD can postphone aging of leaf and decreasing of photosynthesis, decrease the exportation of carbohydrate of stem-sheath matter, promote transportation of carbohydrate to axillary buds, and increase the ratooning ratio.

提高叶片中SOD活性，能有效延缓叶片衰老，延缓叶片光合同化作用的下降，减少茎鞘碳水化合物的输出，促进茎鞘碳水化合物向腋芽输送，促进腋芽萌发，提高水稻再生率。

Moreover, it was found that the co-assembled carbon nanotubes could enhance electron transfer efficiency between electrode surface and viologens.

该结果揭示共存的碳纳米管能够大大提高紫精修饰电极的稳定性及电子在电极和紫精活性基团间的转移效率，并有助于深入了解含碳纳米管的薄膜修饰电极的电极反应过程。

The four most common types are a free-radical, carbanion (carbon-centred negative ion), carbocation (carbon-centred positive ion) or a metal complex (as in Ziegler-Natta polymerisation).

有四种最常见的活性中心类型：自由基、碳负粒子、碳阳离子鎓和金属络合物（在Ziegler-Natta聚合中使用）。

In the second part, quantum chemical AM1 methods were employedto theoretically investigate the electronic structures of maleic anhydride in ground- and excited-states. On basis of the frontier orbital theoryand three bonding principles, the possibility of reaction of active α-hydroxysuccinic anhydride carbanion and active α-hydroxy-succinic anhydride radical on polymerization process of MArespectively by alkali catalyst and by hydroxyl radical was discussed. Theanionic and radical polymerization of MA discussed also. Theoreticalstudies show that both polymerization products of MA are in the chainstructures, corresponding to the experimental findings.

第二部分用量子化学AM1方法，计算研究了马来酸酐的基态和激发态电子结构；应用前线轨道理论和成键三原则分别探讨了碱催化条件下和羟基自由基引发下马来酸酐均聚合过程中α-羟基丁二酸酐碳阴离子和α-羟基丁二酸酐碳自由基活性中间体参与反应的可能性及由它们引发的马来酸酐阴离子聚合反应机理和自由基引发聚合反应机理；理论研究表明马来酸酐的均聚合产物均为链式结构，与实验事实相相符。

The method of preparation is: the laminate is the catalyst carrier, the active ingredient of the catalyst carrier between the layers forms the catalyser, creates carbon nanometer pipe array between the layers by the precess of caemical vapor deposition, gets the carbon nanometer pipe array / laminate compounds.

其制备方法是以层状材料为催化剂载体，在其片层之间负载催化剂活性组分形成催化剂，通过化学气相沉积过程，在片层之间生长碳纳米管阵列，获得碳纳米管阵列/层状材料复合物。

Chiral epoxides produced by alkene epoxidation are extremely useful building blocks for asymmetric synthesis.

碳碳双键经不对称环氧化得到的光学活性环氧化物是一类重要的手性元，可以合成许多有价值的手性化合物。

The Si/C composite was obtained by pyrolyzing polyvinyl chloride, in which fine graphite and silicon powder are homogeneously dispersed.

本文采用高比容量的硅为主要活性体，采用体积效应小、循环稳定性好的碳为载体，通过高温热解以及高能球磨等方法制备了新型的硅／碳复合材料，并对其电化学性能进行了研究。

The functional group linked to carbyne carbon has a strong effect on the reactivity and strength of metal-carbon triple bond.

在卡拜化合物中，与卡拜碳上相连的基团的性质强烈影响金属—碳三重键的强度及其反应活性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。