活性剂

The effects of the surfactants, trioctyl phosphine oxide, sodium dodecyl sulfonate and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, on the extraction rate of Co^2^+ were investigated. The acceleration in the kinetics in contributed to the associated molecule~2 TOPO taking part in the extraction process directly. The decrement effects of SDS or CTMAB on the rate of extraction kinetics of Co^2^+ with HDEHP were also observed, which caused by the adsorption of molecules of SDS or CTMAB on the interface and decreased the interfacial adsorption amount of HDEHP. In addition, the extraction rate was reduced by a bigger margin in HDEHP-SDS system. This can be explained in terms of the formation of an electric field at the interface.

研究体系中加入不同表面活性剂所引起萃取速率的不同改变：三辛基氧化膦因与HDEHP形成可萃取的Co^2^+活性分子缔合物，降低了萃取过程活化能而使反应加速；十二烷基磺酸钠和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵因占据发生萃取反应的界面区，减小了HDEHP与Co^2^+反应的机会而使反应减速； SDS还因其在界面形成较强的负电场，造成Co^2^+的附加势能而使萃取速率有更大幅度的降低。

A suspension of carbon nanotubes as a nanofluids was prepared by dispersing carbon nanotubes into deionized water. The effects of several typical kinds of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and emulsifying agent OP on the stability of the nanofluid were studied by stationary and centrifugal tests with sample morphologies characterized by SEM and TEM.

在水中加入碳纳米管制备了含碳纳米管悬浮液，研究了几种典型类型的表面活性剂：十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵及乳化剂OP对纳米流体稳定性的影响，通过静置和离心分离等手段研究了其稳定性，并采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对样品的形貌进行了表征。

In 0.015 mol/L NaOH medium, AuCl4(superscript -)reacted with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, forming water soluble CTMAB-AuCl4 complex that exhibited a weak absorption peak at 400 nm. In the presence of hydrazine, the reaction produced orange-red nanogold particle and exhibited a surface plasma resonance absorption peak at 520 nm.

在0.015mol/LNaOH介质中，氯金酸根离子AuCl(上标-下标 4与阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵反应生成水溶性的CTMAB-AuCl4缔合物，在400nm处产生一个很弱的吸收峰，当有肼存在时，反应生成橙红色的金纳米粒子，在520nm处出现一个表面等离子体共振吸收峰，从而可实现废水中微量肼的分光光度测定。

The temperature and the addition of surfactant can accelerate conversion and selectivity of reaction. Under the conditions of 200℃、0.38MPa、0.06 mol/L、t=4h,the conversion of hexene is 86.32%.Selectivity of 2-hexene and 3-hexene is 30.46% and 57.86%.

结果表明，当表面活性剂的加入以及反应温度的升高，能明显提高反应的转化率和选择性，在200℃、0.38MPa、0.032 mol/L的反应条件下，反应4小时底物转化率为86.32%，3-己烯的选择性为57.86%，2-己烯的选择性为30.46%。

The hydrolyzation was studied by measuring surface tension change with time and that of these trisiloxane surfactants were very serious.

第五章合成了三个连接基为亲水性的葡糖酞胺基二聚三硅氧烷表面活性剂，并测定了其性能。

The solution is separated into phases, which results in the separation of hydrophobe and hydrophile.

它以表面活性剂胶束水溶液的溶解性和浊点现象为基础，通过改变实验参数，将疏水性物质与亲水性物质分离。

The type,hydrophile lipophile balance value,content and their mixture of surfactant have great influence on the emulsion droplet diameter.

因此，表面活性剂在铝材热轧用润滑剂中起着至关重要的作用，直接影响着润滑剂的稳定性、润

The binding constant decreases with the increase of the number of hydrophile groups in the surfactants, while becomes smaller with the increase of temperature, which would lead to increase of endothermic contribution and reduction of exothermic contribution and entropy.

结合常数随表面活性剂亲水头基个数的增加而减小，随温度升高而减小，相应结合过程的焓变增大，熵变增大。

According to Hydrophile and Lipophile Balance, the suitable surfactants have been selected and put into lubricating oil with single nanometer particles or two kinds of nano-materials, The tribology tests were carried out in four-ball tribotester.

介绍了纳米材料的制备，根据亲水亲油平衡值选择了合适的表面活性剂，并将其加入到含有单种或两种复合纳米粒子的润滑油中进行表面改性，采用四球摩擦磨损试验机测定含纳米粒子的润滑油的摩擦学性能。

Cloud point extraction is related to the conventional liquid-liquid extraction. CPE based on the solubility and cloud point phenomenon of aqueous solutions of surfactants, upon alteration of the experimental conditions such as pH value of solution, ionic strength, temperature, and the solution is separated into phases, which results in the separation of hydrophobe and hydrophile.

浊点萃取(Cloud-Point Extraction， CPE)是近年出现的一种新兴的液-液萃取技术，它以表面活性剂胶束水溶液的溶解性和浊点现象为基础，通过改变实验参数，如溶液的pH值、离子强度、温度等引发相分离，从而将疏水性物质与亲水性物质分离。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。