活性剂

Surface active agent is applied widely in oil and gas engineer on the basis of literatures. For chemical treating agents, a most significant direction in studying and development is to synthesize every kind of existed surface active agents and to research modifiedly in order to enlarge its application in oil and gas engineer.

表面活性剂广泛应用于石油天然气工程，对表面活性剂进行合成、改性研究以扩大其应用范围是石油天然气工程化学处理剂研究发展的一个重要方向。

The new opinion to explain why amphoteric surfactant is the best lime soap dispersing agent was given from the view point of mixed micelle theory.

从混合胶束理论出发，对两性表面活性剂是比其他类型表面活性剂更优秀的钙皂分散剂这一事实，作者提出了新见解。

During remediation experiment, the addition of benzene acid and Tween 80 gave higher CO2 evolution. The result of Microtox assay showed good correlation between aromatic rings of PAHs at low concentration. The Medaka embryo toxicity test had presented that while eggs were exposed to the soil extracts from fluoranthene and pyrene at high concentration (3mg PAHs/g soil), the embryo showed low hatch ratio、bleeding, high abnormal ratio and delayed mature period. The addition of composting materials for remediation study showed strong embryo toxicity to Medaka embryo at all test concentration.

青鱂鱼鱼卵试验部分，受单一与混合PAHs污染土壤之萃取物对青鱂鱼鱼卵孵化影响，当暴露在浓度3 mg PAHs /g soil时，及四环的Fluoranthene与Pyrene之下，皆有高未孵化率、高出血率、高畸形率及孵化天数的延迟现象产生；而在复育实验之土壤萃取物对青鱂鱼鱼卵孵化之影响，以添加酸性界面活性剂与中性界面活性剂实验组其鱼卵之未孵化率皆为零，与Microtox毒性测试结果有良好的关连；加入不同复育添加剂中，则以添加菜肥之实验组，对於青鱂鱼鱼卵孵化之影响为最大。

Adopting condensation copolymerization between alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and methyl aldehyde and using concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation, which it with sodium hydroxide neutralization, finally acquired sulphonate anionic surfactant, utilize as temperature resistance 、mineral salt tolerance for heavy oil viscosity reducer , research on the performance evaluation, the result indicate, the amount of sulphonate anionic surfactant to be used at 0.2wt%, viscosity reducer rate reached 92.1%; added with 0.5wt%, the calcium and magnesium ions resistance in mineral water up to 800mg/L.

采用辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚和甲醛的共缩聚物与浓硫酸磺化后，再用氢氧化钠中和后得到磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂作耐温抗矿盐稠油降粘剂，并对其进行性能评价，结果表明，辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚甲醛共缩聚物磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂加量为0.2wt%时，降粘率高达92.1%，抗钙、镁离子能力达800mg/L。

More and more polymeric surface active agents were used in pigment modification. In this paper, methyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate and polyglycol were chosen to study the influence of molecular weight and stucture on properties of pigments.

论文中选用的高分子表面活性剂有天然高分子甲基纤维素和聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸钠等合成高分子，考察了活性剂分子量、结构及用量对颜料性能的影响。

The use of rare earth vanadates as supports for active gold catalysts opens up new routes in the research work for high performance catalysts. Bismuth vanadate micro/nanocrystals with different morphologies were synthesized by surfactant assisted hydrothermal/solvothermal methods.

建立了表面活性剂辅助的水热及溶剂热合成方法，通过选用合适的表面活性剂及控制单体浓度，获得了一系列不同晶形及形貌的BiVO4微/纳米晶，研究了晶体结构与生长行为的相关性。

In many bioremediation programs the biosurfactant-producing microorganism can be added directly to the oil-containing geological structure, and the biosurfactant will be produced in situation.

在许多生物补救项目中产生生物表面活性剂的微生物可直接加入到含石油的地质结构中，并且微生物在此处产生生物表面活性剂。

So, Toxic surfactants should be avoid when surfactants were selected for use to clean/remediate contaminated soil.

在选择表面活性剂对有机污染土壤进行清洁修复时应选用不抑制微生物活性的表面活性剂。

Similar lamellar hybrids can be obtained from octa(y-chloroammoniumpropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt C_(18H_(29)NaO_3S, DBSS. Further research shows that different POSS to surfactant ratios result in different arrangement of layers: when there exists excessive POSS, the layer is arranged in a "Alkyl-POSS-POSS-Alkyl" sequence; while on the contrary, the layer is in "Alkyl-POSS" sequence.

实验研究表明，通过调整POSS和表面活性剂的物质的量比例可以改变片层结构，发现当POSS成分大大过量的时候，片层重复单元按照&烷基-POSS-POSS-烷基&顺序排列，对应较大的层间距；当表面活性剂成分大大过量的时候，片层重复单元按照&烷基-POSS&顺序排列，对应较小的层间距。

Compared with nonionic surfactant, the effect of anionic surfactant on natural gas storage in hydrates is stronger.

阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠对水合物储气的促进作用比非离子表面活性剂烷基多糖苷强。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。