活化

In the three systems, system realizes the crosslinking of PVC bases on the peroxide crosslinking mechanism, the tensile strength of crosslinked PVC has been improved somewhat, the IR spectrum of gel demonstrates that there are characteristic absorption peaks of n-alcohol that belongs to ethanol amine and benzenoid group. From the analysis of gel structure , deduces that the mechanism of crosslinking reaction: under the initiations of peroxide and high temperature, PVC yields macromolecules free radicals, at the same time , styrene"s polymerization and grafting onto PVC takes place, at last the system forms crosslinking structure through coupling between radicals; confirms that triethanol amine can absorb HC1 produced by degradation of PVC, so improves the crosslinking efficiency of peroxide, decreases the HCl"s promotion for PVC"s degradation; deduces that triethanol amine can activate the PVC macromolecules and prolong the free radicals" life-time of PVC macromolecules; the effect to the PVC macromolecule makes styrenes graft reaction easy, and thus improves the crosslinking efficiency.

三种体系中三乙醇胺/过氧化二异丙苯/苯乙烯体系基于过氧化物交联机理实现了聚氯乙烯的交联，聚氯乙烯交联后拉伸强度有一定提高，凝胶红外光谱分析证实了凝胶结构中含有乙醇胺的伯醇基团特征吸收和苯环的特征吸收，由凝胶结构分析，推断出交联反应的机理：聚氯乙烯在过氧化物和热作用下产生大分子自由基，苯乙烯在过氧化物和大分子自由基的作用下发生聚合和接枝反应，最终通过自由基之间的偶合产生交联；证实三乙醇胺可以吸收聚氯乙烯分解产生的HCl，提高了过氧化物的交联效率，消弱了HCl对聚氯乙烯降解的促进作用；推断三乙醇胺可以活化聚氯乙烯大分子并有可能使聚氯乙烯大分子自由基存在的时间得以延长，对聚氯乙烯大分子的作用使苯乙烯的接枝反应易于发生，从而提高了交联效率。

In this paper, the effect of modifying procedure of the GC electrode on the electrode reaction kinetics of benzoquinone and the modified mechanism of enzyme electrode havebeen studied.

玻碳电极经电化学氧化处理，可提高苯醒电子中继物电极反应的可逆性，其原因在于电极表面氧化生成的羧基与醌基之间形成氢键，提高了电极表面电子冲继物的浓度，降低了异相电荷传递的活化

Results showed that the best separation factor of sulfides amounted to 1.7 by ZSM-5 membranes loaded with 0.2 mol/L Ag+ solution. The separation performance of the membranes was the best when activated 450℃. Benzothiophene showed a strong competitive adsorption effect to thiophene.

实验表明：当银离子浓度为0.2 mol/L时硫化物的分离因子最高达到1.7；当活化温度为450 ℃时ZSM-5分子筛膜的分离性能最好；苯并噻吩对噻吩有较强的竞争吸附影响。

Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid was found to be able to efficiently activate the benzylic sp3 C—F bond.

三氟甲磺酸被发现能够高效地活化(SP3)碳－氟键。

In conclusion, the experimental method was easily performed, the reaction time was short and the products were gained in high yield. The bromination was controlled by the large molecular structure of ammonium methylbdate.

研究结果表明，实验方法操作简单易行，反应时间段短，产物专一性好，后处理简单，并且收率较高，活化溴原子对苯环的进攻位置主要受到催化剂钼酸大分子结构的控制。

The results show that in the presence of NaHCO3 as base and DMF-H2O (volume ratio 2∶1) as solvent, the complex could catalyze not only iodobenzene but also non-activated bromobenzene quantitatively at 90 ℃ without the inert gas protection, and furthermore the catalyst could be recovered and reused more than eight times.

结果表明，在没有惰性气体保护的情况下，以NaHCO3作碱，以DMF水溶液(体积比为2∶1)作溶剂，在90 ℃时，该配合物不仅对活性较高的碘代苯能够定量地催化，对未活化的溴代苯也能定量地催化，并且催化剂能够回收再利用8次以上。

The optimal measuring conditions were investigated. The results indicated that the catalytic reaction to Pt and bromocresol purple was the first-order reaction. The apparent activation energy was 217.4kJ/mol and the maximum absorption wavelength of fading reaction was at 434 nm. The linear range of Pt was 0.16-4.0μg/L and the detection limit was 2.5×10^(-11)g/mL. Most of common ions had no interference with the determination, while ten multiples of Ru, Rh and Os had interference with the determination of Pt. Therefore.

选择了最佳测定条件，实验结果表明，催化反应对铂和溴甲酚紫为一级反应，反应的表观活化能为217.4kJ/mol，褪色反应的最大吸收波长为434nm，方法测定R哪的线性范围为0.16~4.0μg／L，检出限为2.5×10^(-11)g/mL，大多数常见离子不干扰测定，10倍以上的Ru，Rh和Os对测定有干扰，可在测定前分离除去。

This thesis makes up the direction for Cu-Zn-Al-O catalyst, explores the perparation method and technological conditions、the reduction method and technological conditions of Cu-Zn-Al-O catalyst, investigates Cu-Zn-Al-O catalyst activity, and studies the kinetics of γButyrolactone synthesis reaction by the liquid phase dehydrocyclization from 1, 4-Butanediol on Cu-Zn-Al-O catalyst in the batch reactor.

研究了Cu-Zn-Al-O催化剂的配方、制备方法和工艺条件、活化方式和工艺条件，考察了催化剂的活性，并在全混釜反应器中研究了1，4—丁二醇在Cu-Zn-Al-O催化剂上液相脱氢环化合成γ—丁内酯的反应动力学特性。

The results showed that the degree of butyryl substitution of CAB increased and the degree of acetyl substitution of CAB decreased as the activation time increased. The degree of substitution of CAB changed slightly after the esterification went along about 2h.

随着活化时间的增加，CAB的丁酯取代度会逐渐增大，乙酯取代度会逐渐减小；酯化反应2h后，CAB取代度变化不大；CAB的丁酯取代度随着反应体系中丁酰基摩尔分数的增加而增大，而乙酯取代度则随着丁酰基摩尔分数的增加而减小。

Cellulose acetate butyrate with high or low degree of butyryl substitution was synthesized in heterogeneous system(butyric acid/ acetic acid/ butyric anhydride/ sulfuric acid) using the "free solvent" method. The effect of activation time, esterification time, the molecular weight of cellulose and the content of the organic acid or anhydride on the degree of acetyl and butyryl substitution of cellulose was discussed.

在非均相体系中进行酯化反应，采用&反应性溶剂&，以硫酸作为催化剂合成出从高丁酯含量到低丁酯含量的纤维素醋酸丁酸酯，研究有机酸以及酸酐的添加量、活化时间、酯化反应时间以及原料纤维素的分子量对酯化产物纤维素醋酸丁酸酯的影响。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。