活动空间

Nor is it a set of ossified formulas to follow.The law of history has been developed in the process of human historical experience...

历史规律不是先于或外在于活生生的人的实践活动的神秘之物，而是在人的历史实践活动中形成的本质的、稳定的联系；由于在历史转变为世界历史时代各民族之间的相互作用，造成了作为历史主体的人的能动选择的广阔空间，各民族的发展道路呈现出多姿多彩的形式，历史发展的普遍规律并不等同于各民族的特殊发展道路。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

That it was a Utopia, there being no known method from the known to the unknown: an infinity renderable equally finite by the suppositious apposition of one or more bodies equally of the same and of different magnitudes: a mobility of illusory forms immobilised in space, remobilised in air: a past which possibly had ceased to exist as a present before its probable spectators had entered actual present existence.

那是无限的。假定各个天体有可能并存，那么也能把它看作是有限的。天体的数目是一个还是一个以上都无所谓，体积相同或不同也无所谓。那是一团能活动的幻觉形态，是在空间里已固定下来的东西，借着空气又重新活动起来。它是过去，未来的观察者们作为现在实际存在之前，它或许已不再作为现在而存在了。

Yet factory internment brings a breeding sow cold, strawless floors, noxious filth, deafening noise, and immobilizing space barely larger than her own body.

然而，监禁式的工厂供给母猪的是一个阴冷而无铺稻草的生活空间，脏的让人恶心，加上充满震耳欲聋的猪叫声和勉比自己身体稍大之无法活动的固定空间。

The untoward temporal irregularities may affect growth rates by failing to initiate or inhibit growth activities, and this may result in irregularities of spatial contiguities and relations , thereby altering the entire spatial-temporal pattern.

不幸的，暂时的不规则事物可能会因开始的缺失或者抑制发展活动而影响生长速率，并且也可能导致空间接触和关系的不规则事物改变了整个空间暂时的形式。

In addition, this consultation should provide research results and detailed proposal about public's activities organization, space renew and infrastructure intergrading, city operating system managerment, and city character image-building and so on.

结合华强北路沿线地区的特征条件和定位诉求，考虑优先保障城市公众利益、促进多方利益互惠和协调带动周边地区发展，重点就设计空间范围内人的活动组织、空间更新与设施整合、城市系统运作管理、城市特征形象塑造等几方面内容展开策略研究和详细方案设计。

In addition, this consultation should provide research results and detailed proposal about public's activities organization, space renew and infrastructure intergrading, city operating system managerment, and city character image-building and so on.

三、 任务要求 Tasks and requirements 结合华强北路沿线地区的特征条件和定位诉求，考虑优先保障城市公众利益、促进多方利益互惠和协调带动周边地区发展，重点就设计空间范围内人的活动组织、空间更新与设施整合、城市系统运作管理、城市特征形象塑造等几方面内容展开策略研究和详细方案设计。

While "Ji Xiang" was performed with fixed rules, all the participants were collected on site as voluntaries (including artist, staff, visitor and audience), the venue was a public exhibition space (798 Art Zone) where the audience gathered, and the participants could impromptu performed.

而《挤香》只设计游戏规则，参与者都是在活动现场征集的自愿参与者(包括艺术家、现场工作人员和参观活动的观众)，场地是观众云集公共展览空间(798艺术区内)，参与者在作品实施过程中可以即兴发挥。

Advertisement creative design and production - Business VI Visual Identity System - posters, advertising, outdoor ads, such as print media advertising creative, design and production - the effect of three-dimensional space design - Terminal publicity materials design, printing, printing and production of terminal logo logo display terminal design and production - retail, restaurant chains, the Exhibition Hall, proprietary point of sale visual, display, logo design and production - large-scale buildings and public facilitiessystem design and production - display display rack, Steel-wood counters , props, metal, plexiglass products, design and production planning and implementation of the Convention and Exhibition Events - Exhibition design, exhibition and set up the planning, organization - the contractors of various large-scale exhibition PR campaign society System: display cabinets and display of aircraft products and Exhibition Items Exhibition Logo Products Terminal Units structures: the word independent Lightbox plexiglass signs carved three-dimensional packing of hard metal processing of aluminum and neon signboards word products LED advertising signs lightguide plate flipped three ultra-thin light box light box cloth 3M Film 3M Inkjet Printer Photo Posters posters from scratch, from a point to face, from the visual culture, from the surface to the deep, from products to brands, Norma are consistent pursuit.

广告创意设计及制作-企业VI视觉识别系统-海报、车身广告、户外广告等平面媒体的广告创意、设计及制作-三维立体空间效果设计-终端宣传品的设计、印刷、喷绘及制作终端标识终端标识展示设计及制作-零售、餐饮连锁店、展示厅、专卖售点的视觉、展示、标识设计和制作-大型建筑物及公共设施导视系统的设计和制作-展示展架、钢木柜台、道具、金属、有机玻璃制品的设计和制作会展活动策划及执行-展览会设计、布展及搭建策划、组织-承办各项大型社会公关活动展览展示系统：展示柜及陈列架产品展示道具展览展台搭建终端标识产品：独立字灯箱有机玻璃雕刻立体吸塑硬招牌金属加工铝字招牌霓虹灯及LED制品三翻转广告招牌导光板超薄灯箱 3M灯箱布喷绘 3M贴膜宣传画招贴喷绘写真从无到有，从点到面，从视觉到文化，从表面到深邃，从产品到品牌，是诺玛一贯的追求。

The first part of this paper includes reviews of the scientific investigations on solar flares, prominences and coronal mass ejections and on the steady and transient flows of solar wind in interplanetary space, discussions of the solar and interplanetary origins of the space weather, and descriptions of the history and the latest development of MHD simulation in solar-terrestrial space physics.

本文首先回顾了太阳耀斑、日珥和日冕物质抛射三类太阳活动现象以及太阳风的稳态流动和瞬态流动等行星际空间现象，讨论了空间天气的太阳和行星际起源，介绍了日地物理研究中数值模拟发展的历史及最新进展。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。