洪水

Because when a river overflows in a vast flood plain, a minute rise in the water level represents extremely large volume of water.

改进洪水预报、预报洪水路径和控制洪水的基本要求之一在于水位的精确测量。

Firstly,we analyzed the insurability of flood risk and concluded that under the condition of implementing mandatory flood insurance,building multi-level risk compensation mechanism and developing single risk flood insurance policy, flood risk is insurable.

首先，分析洪水风险的可保性，认为在实行强制性洪水保险、构建多层次风险损失补偿机制和发展单一洪水风险保单等条件下洪水风险是可保风险的结论。

Focusing on such several key issues of flood utilization as resources in a basin as potentiality of flood resources in a basin, seasonal variation principle of storm flood in a basin, stage quantitative description method during flood period, computational method of stage design flood and risk design of adjustment and application of limited level of reservoir during flood season, deepgoing study is conducted in this dissertation.

论文围绕流域洪水资源利用的若干核心问题：流域洪水资源化潜力、流域暴雨洪水的季节性变化规律、水库汛期分期定量描述方法、水库分期设计洪水计算方法以及水库汛限水位调整运用的风险设计等进行了深入研究，构建了利用水库汛限水位调蓄洪水资源的理论体系和技术框架。

By study of the statistic characteristics of flood forecasting errors and their confidence intervals for Nushi watershed at Sanhuajian of the Yellow River and on the basis of a comparison of the precision criterion currently used for flood forecasting with the result of the error confidence interval method, it is concluded that the error of flood forecasting is of the characteristic of skew probability distribution, and that the evaluated results of forecasting errors are different by the above two methods.

因此，本文在三花间伊河卢氏流域洪水预报的基础上研究了误差置信限及误差置信限评定方法，并将误差置信限评定结果与现行水情预报精度标准[1]评定结果进行了比较。1 现行洪水预报评定方法流域洪水预报精度评定内容包括洪峰流量、峰现时间和洪量等。洪水预报误差指标有绝对误差、相对误差和确定性系数3种。预报误差小于许可误差时为合格预报。

Through investigation of paleoflood deposits on the Xiaolangdi reach of the Yellow River, and by use of the field mark system for deposits judgement , identified are three types of the paleoflood deposits with four characteristics,and four geomorphologic types for the valid kind of slack water deposit.

通过分析古洪水沉积的环境及应用沉积物识别的野外特征指标体系，指出黄河小浪底河段的古洪水沉积分为 3种类型，具有 4个特点，其中赋存古洪水平流沉积的地貌类型有 4种。这一研究成果为在野外寻找及判断黄河小浪底河段的古洪水沉积提供了科学依据，对古洪水研究具有普遍指导意

To use the flood resources adequately and fully,the method which considers the time series variance law of flood statistical characteristics within the year to calculate staged limited water level in flood season and design flood is proposed.Case study demonstrates that the method is feasible and appliable.

为更好地提高洪水资源利用率，基于暴雨洪水的物理成因和统计规律分析，提出采用年内洪水统计特性变化规律来确定设计洪水和各分期汛限水位的新方法，结合实例说明该方法在汛限水位动态控制中的实用性和可行性。

This paper proposed robust characteristic function for real-time flood forecasting system,and established the dynamitic monitor module for rainfall error,and researched dynamitic robust estimation for AR model parameters.

把抗差估计理论引入实时洪水预报系统，提出适合于实时洪水预报系统的抗差特征函数，建立降雨误差的动态监控模式，研究实时修正模型参数的动态抗差估计，结合洪水预报模型，形成具有水文学特点、抗差性强的实时洪水抗差预报系统。

The domestic experts' studies are limited to the qualitative analysis,such as the choice of flood insurance patterns,the establishment of flood insurance systems and so on.But the quantitative analysis,such as the pricing and loss assessment of flood insurance,are very rare.There is no unanimously recognized flood insurance loss assessment model so far.

目前国内专家学者对洪水保险的研究仅局限于洪水保险模式的选择、洪水保险体系的建立、洪水保险制度的建设等定性分析上，而对于洪水保险的定价、损失评估等定量分析则非常少见，还没有一致认可的洪水保险损失评估模型。

On the basis of genetic analysis and flood time,the flood in Heilongjiang was divided into three types,that is ,storm flood, snowmelt and rain flood and ice flood in this paper.

按成因和发生时间，将黑龙江省的洪水划分为三种类型：暴雨洪水、融雪和雨雪融合洪水、冰凌洪水；着重论述了暴雨、洪水的时空分布特征以及暴雨洪水的稀遇程度等。

The internal friction angle and the cohesion of the bank soil will greatly decrease after long soil soaking during the flood period, which results in a decrease of the stability coefficient.

洪水长期浸泡后，河岸土壤的内摩擦角和内聚力有较大幅度的减小，河岸稳定系数减小；对于粘土岸滩，洪水迅速上涨期间，水压力对河岸的稳定性是有利的，而洪水骤降时，河岸崩塌的几率增大；对于非粘土岸滩，洪水缓慢上涨期间，河岸稳定性变化不大，而洪水缓慢下降后，岸滩稳定系数减小。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了